【作者】 李燕；

【导师】 赵铭钦；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 烟草科学与工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 以浓香型主产烟区代表性C3F等级初烤烟叶为试验材料,检测了As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb的含量,并将所选样品切丝卷制成单料烟烟支,以剑桥滤片捕集主流烟气中的总粒相物,对主流烟气中HCN、巴豆醛、CO、苯酚、NH₃、BaP、NNK进行测定分析,运用SPSS19.0、DPS7.05统计软件进行基本统计分析、方差分析和聚类分析,并在ArcGIS 10.2.2平台上,以半方差函数和Kriging插值为基本工具,对所研究区域烟叶重金属和主流烟气有害成分进行空间分布分析研究,研究结果如下:1、对烟叶重金属含量进行了分析和空间分布研究。结果表明:（1）我国8个浓香型烤烟主产烟区中,河南烟叶重金属As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb的含量均值分别为0.35mg/kg,1.84mg/kg,1.03mg/kg,1.86mg/kg,2.33mg/kg;山东产区烟叶重金属含量均值分别为0.40mg/kg,2.23mg/kg,1.04mg/kg,2.24mg/kg,2.47mg/kg;安徽产区烟叶重金属含量均值分别为0.69mg/kg,3.72mg/kg,0.53mg/kg,0.50mg/kg,3.79mg/kg;湖南产区烟叶重金属含量均值分别为0.79mg/kg,2.99mg/kg,0.71mg/kg,0.77mg/kg,4.13mg/kg;江西产区烟叶重金属含量均值分别为0.37mg/kg,2.56mg/kg,0.58mg/kg,1.22mg/kg,3.18mg/kg;广东产区烟叶重金属含量均值分别为0.34mg/kg,2.14mg/kg,0.59mg/kg,0.41mg/kg,2.13mg/kg;广西产区烟叶重金属含量均值分别为0.30mg/kg,3.73mg/kg,0.69mg/kg,1.90mg/kg,2.04mg/kg;陕西产区烟叶重金属含量均值分别为0.28mg/kg,0.87 mg/kg,0.87 mg/kg,1.11 mg/kg,1.09 mg/kg。（2）各产区As和Pb的含量均在食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量和无公害茶叶限值标准限量范围内;烟叶Cd含量除陕西产区在标准范围内之外,其他产区均高于限量标准;Cr含量河南和山东产区较高,其他产区虽超出限值范围,但均在限值附近;烟叶Ni含量安徽、湖南、广东3个产区在限值范围内,陕西、江西、河南、广西和山东较高,分别高出限量值11%、22%、86%、90%和124%。（3）根据系统聚类分析和克里金插值法分析表明,烟叶As、Cd、Cr、Ni 4种重金属含量大致都可以分为高、中、低3个类别,Pb的系统聚类可以分为4个类别,As和Pb的走势基本一致,均表现为豫、湘较高,陇、桂、鲁、皖、赣等相对较低;Cr含量大体上自南向北逐渐降低的趋势;Cd含量和Ni含量走势呈西南向东北分别逐渐降低和升高的趋势。2、浓香型不同产区烤烟烟气有害成分区域分布规律（1）卷烟主流烟气中HCN含量江西、山东、广东3个产区最高,分别为214.37μg/g,192.25μg/g,185.21μg/g,显著高于广西（131.47μg/g）、陕西产区（96.87μg/g）的含量值。巴豆醛含量江西（50.17μg/g）最高,山东（49.44μg/g）次之,河南（41.42μg/g）最低。各产区烟气CO含量安徽（21.75 mg/g）、山东（21.47 mg/g）较高,陕西（17.44 mg/g）、广西（17.30 mg/g）最低。苯酚含量集中在8.69-9.41μg/g之间,相互之间差异不大。各产区的NH₃含量按照数值大小依次为河南（34.66μg/g）、陕西（29.22μg/g）较高,湖南（13.77μg/g）、广西（12.89μg/g）较低。BaP含量表现为河南最高,湖南、广西、陕西较低。就NNK含量来说,广东产区含量（39.93 ng/g）最高、山东（31.50 ng/g）次之,陕西（21.24 ng/g）最低。8产区间除了巴豆醛及苯酚的差异不显著外,其余指标都达到了显著差异。（2）卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分进行系统聚类结果显示,HCN可以按照聚类树状图人为地分为4类,分别为低、较低、较高、高,巴豆醛、苯酚、CO、NNK、BaP可以分为低、中、高3个类别,将NH₃分为低值和高值2个类别。（3）空间分布图表明HCN、巴豆醛、CO以及危害性指数（H）的含量走势基本一致,均呈现自东向西降低的趋势,苯酚呈现自西南向东北逐步降低的趋势,NH₃和BaP呈现自北向南逐渐降低的趋势,NNK表现为南北两边比较高,中间低的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking strong aroma tobacco production areas tobacco(C3F)as test material,the contents of As,Cd,Cr,Ni and Pb in the tobacco leaves and the effects of HCN,crotonaldehyde,CO,phenol,NH3,Ba P and NNK in mainstream smoke were measured and analyzed by using SPSS19.0 and DPS7.05,carring out the basic statistical analysis,variance analysis and clustering analysis.On the Arc GIS 10.2.2 platform,the semi-variance function and Kriging interpolation were used as the basic tools to study the spatial distribution of the harmful components of heavy metals and mainstream smoke in the studied area,the results are as follows: 1、The content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves was analyzed and the spatial distribution was studied:(1)The contents of heavy metals As,Cd,Cr,Ni and Pb in Henan tobacco leaves were 0.35mg/kg,1.84mg/kg,1.03mg/kg,1.86mg/kg,2.33mg/kg.The contents of heavy metals in tobacco leaves in Shandong were 0.40 mg/kg,2.23mg/kg,1.04mg/kg,2.24mg/kg and 2.47mg/kg respectively.The content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves in Anhui was 0.69mg/kg,3.72mg/kg,0.53mg/kg,0.50mg/kg and 3.79mg/kg respectively.The contents of heavy metals in leaves of Hunan were 0.79mg/kg,2.99mg/kg,0.71mg/kg,0.77mg/Kg,4.13mg/kg,the content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves in Jiangxi was 0.37mg/kg,2.56mg/kg,0.58mg/kg,1.22mg/kg and 3.18mg/kg respectively.The contents of heavy metals in tobacco leaves in Guangdong were 0.34mg/kg,2.14 mg/kg,0.59 mg/kg,0.41 mg/kg,2.13 mg/kg;the heavy metal content of tobacco leaves in Guangxi was 0.30 mg/kg,3.73 mg/kg,0.69 mg/kg,1.90 mg/kg,2.04mg/kg,and the content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves in Shaanxi was 0.28mg/kg,0.87mg/kg,0.87mg/kg,1.11mg/kg and 1.09mg/kg respectively.(2)The contents of As and Pb in the producing areas were within the pollutant limit and the pollution-free tea limit in the foodstuffs national standard food.The Cd content in the tobacco leaves was in the range of the standard,the content of Cr in Henan and Shandong was higher,while the other producing areas exceeded the limit,but all were near the limit.As to the content of Ni in tobacco,Anhui,Hunan and Guangdong was within the limit,but Shaanxi,Jiangxi,Henan,Guangxi and Shandong,respectively,beyond the normal content of 11%,22%,86%,90% and 124%.(3)According to the system cluster analysis and the Kriging interpolation method,it was found that the contents of As,Cd,Cr and Ni in the tobacco leaves were broadly divided into high,medium and low.The clustering of Pb could be divided into 4.The content of As and Pb is basically the same,which is manifested as relatively high in Henan and Hunan,and relatively low in Shaanxi,Guangxi,Shandong,Anhui and Jiangxi.The trend of Cd content decreases gradually from southwest to northeast,and Cr content is in general gradually decreasing from south to north,while Ni content tends to decrease from northeast to southwest.2、The Distribution of Harmful Components in Flue-cured Tobacco Flue Gas in Different Areas :(1)The highest HCN content in the mainstream smoke of Jiangxi Province was 214.37μg/g,192.25μg/g and 185.21μg/g,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of Guangxi(131.47μg/g),Shaanxi Producing areas(96.87 μg/g).The content of crotonaldehyde was the highest in Jiangxi(50.17μg/g),followed by Shandong(49.44μg/g)and Henan(41.42μg/g).The content of CO Anhui(21.75 mg/g)and Shandong(21.47 mg/g)were higher,Shanxi(17.44 mg/g)and Guangxi(17.30 mg/g)were the lowest.The phenol content was concentrated between 8.69-9.41μg/g,which was little different from each other.The content of NH3 in each producing area,Henan(34.66μg/g)and Shaanxi(29.22μg/g)were higher,Hunan(13.77μg/g)and Guangxi(12.89μg/g)were lower.The content of Ba P showed the highest in Henan,Hunan,Guangxi,Shaanxi lower.In terms of NNK content,the content of producing areas in Guangdong(39.93 ng/g)was the highest,Shandong(31.50 ng/g)and Shaanxi(21.24 ng/g)were the lowest.In addition to crotonaldehyde and phenol,the difference in 8 production areas is not significant,the other indicators have reached a significant difference.(2)The results showed that HCN could be divided into four groups according to the cluster tree,which were lower,low,high,higher,crotonaldehyde,phenol,CO,NNK,Ba P can be divided into low,medium and high,NH3 is divided into low and high value of two categories.(3)The distribution of HCN,crotonaldehyde,CO and Hazard index were similar,which showed the trend of decreasing from east to west.The phenol showed a tendency to decrease gradually from southwest to northeast,and NH3 and Ba P showed a decreasing trend from north to south,NNK The performance of the north and south sides are relatively high,the middle of the low trend.更多还原