【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 牛庆良； 刘康；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 有关上海地区薄皮甜瓜栽培技术研究不多,薄皮甜瓜品种、播种时期、整枝方式是薄皮甜瓜栽培技术关键。因此,本试验开展对大棚薄皮甜瓜品种在大棚中不同品种、播期和整枝方式的研究。在本研究中,根据上海薄皮甜瓜市场的实际情况,选择和引进适合上海种植的薄皮甜瓜品种,研究了薄皮甜瓜在大棚栽培播种期和整枝方式。主要结论如下:1、上海地区大棚栽培薄皮甜瓜品种筛选选用8个薄皮甜瓜品种上海地区进行品种比较试验,不同品种薄皮甜瓜在大棚栽培中,‘思香’可作为晚熟品种栽培;‘特甜蜜宝’可作为中熟品种栽培;‘荃香脆宝’可作为早熟品种;‘梅亚富一号’可作为极早熟品种。从薄皮甜瓜商品性状来看,口感好的是品种‘银宝’、‘特甜蜜宝’、‘思香’和‘新玉’,果实耐贮运好的是品种‘特甜蜜宝’、‘梅亚富一号’、‘众天翠宝’和‘思香’,果实可溶性固形物最高的是品种‘特甜蜜宝’,薄皮甜瓜果肉最厚的是品种‘思香’,商品率最高的是品种‘思香’。2、播种期对薄皮甜瓜生长发育及单果品质的影响春季栽培播种从定植到雌花开花需44-48d,果实在授粉后33-35d成熟。而秋季栽培的甜瓜从定植到开花需31-32d,果实成熟时间与春季大体相当。从单果重看,以1月20日播种的薄皮甜瓜0.66 kg最大;从薄皮甜瓜果肉中心糖度来看,在1月20日播种的显著差异于其他几个播种时期;从薄皮甜瓜口感上来看,8月10日播种的口感稍淡,其他几个播种时期均较好。春季播种1月20日播种为播种的最佳时期。3、整枝方式对薄皮甜瓜生长发育及单果品质、产量的影响春季和秋季单蔓整枝主蔓粗度显著优于双蔓整枝和三蔓整枝;春季和秋季单蔓整枝叶面积显著优于其他二种整枝方式。春季栽培和秋季栽培单蔓整枝与另外2种整枝方式相比,雌花节位高,第一雌花出现日期、盛花期、始收期、盛收期均略晚。从薄皮甜瓜坐果率来看,单蔓整枝>双蔓整枝>三蔓整枝。从薄皮甜瓜单果重来看,薄皮甜瓜‘思香’春季、秋季栽培单蔓整枝与双蔓整枝和三蔓整枝存在显著差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are not many researches on the cultivation techniques of oriental melon in greenhouse in Shanghai.In this case,this research focuses on the different varieties,sowing date and training type of oriental melon planted in greenhouse.Based on the situation of the oriental melon market in Shanghai,this research introduces a variety of oriental melons that are suitable to be cultivated in Shanghai and then studies the sowing date and training type of oriental melon cultivated in greenhouse.The results are as follows:1.Variety screening of oriental melon cultivated in greenhouse in ShanghaiVariety tests are conducted by means of 8 varieties of oriental melons in Shanghai.Among different varieties of oriental melons cultivated in greenhouse,the variety ‘sixiang’can be cultivated as a late maturing variety,the variety ‘tetian mibao’as a mid maturing variety,the variety ‘quanxiang cuibao’as the early maturing variety and the variety ‘meiyafu Ⅰ’as the extremely early maturing variety.On the properties of different varieties of oriental melons,‘yinbao’,‘tetian mibao’and ‘xinyu’have a better taste;‘tetian mibao’,‘meiyafu Ⅰ’,‘zhongtian cuibao’and ‘sixiang’are easier to store and transport;‘tetian mibao’has the highest soluble solids;‘sixiang’has the thickest flesh and the highest commodity rate.2.Influences of sowing date on the growth,develpment and quality of oriental melonFor the oriental melon sowed in spring,it costs 44-48 days for female flowers to bloom after colonization.After pollination,the fruits get mature in 33-35 days.In comparison,for those sowed in autumn,it costs 31-32 days for female flowers to bloom after colonization,and the same period is needed for the fruits to be mature.In terms of single fruit weight,oriental melon cultivated on January 20 th is the heaviest one(0.66 kg).In respect of the central sugar degree of the flesh,the one planted on January 20 th is significantly different from those planted during other periods.As for the taste of oriental melon,the one sowed on August 10 th is a little less sweet than others.If the seeds are to be sowed in spring,January 20 th is the optimal date.3.Influences of training types on the growth,development,quality and yield of oriental melonIn spring and autumn,the main stem cultivated by single stem training is better than those by double stem training and triple stem training in coarseness,and the leaves of the former are significantly bigger than the latter two.Compared with double and triple stem training in spring and autumn,single stem training leads to the higher female flowers,and the first female flower appears later,as well as the full-bloom stage,the beginning of harvest time and the abundant harvest time.In the case of the fruit setting rate of oriental melon,single stem training > double stem training > triple stem training.In regard to the single fruit weight of oriental melon,the variety ‘Sixiang’cultivated by single stem training in spring and autumn is significantly different from those by double and triple stem training.更多还原