【作者】 张婷婷；

【导师】 朱家安；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2019， 硕士

【副题名】以赣州市于都县为例

【摘要】 教师是教育发展的第一资源,乡村中小学青年教师则是推动乡村教育可持续发展的首要资源,乡村青年教师对乡村人口素质的提高、乡村人才的培养、乡村经济的发展和乡村文化的传承有着不可替代的作用,建设乡村教师队伍首先要引进青年教师,留住青年教师保证青年教师队伍的稳定性,而乡村青年教师流失对乡村教师队伍的稳定产生了不利影响,所以对乡村青年教师流失的研究很有必要。从《中国农村教育发展报告2017》可知,目前我国乡村教师“下得去、留得住、教得好”的局面基本形成,乡村中小学生师比从2012年至2016年持续下降[1],这说明目前我国乡村教师队伍建设取得了一定的成效。但是,在部分地区,乡村中小学青年教师流失的情况依然存在,且流失率较高。比如革命苏区赣州市于都县截至2017年12月底,该县义务教育阶段专任青年教师(35周岁以下)总数为2973人,从2013年至2017年,乡村中小学平均每年流失青年教师大约有400人,占青年专任教师总数的13.5%[2]。乡村中小学青年教师流失严重影响了乡村教师队伍建设,打破了乡村学校正常教学秩序,影响了乡村教育质量的提升,更不利于乡村学校的发展,所以研究乡村中小学青年教师流失问题,找出青年教师流失的原因,进而稳定乡村中小学青年教师队伍显得格外重要。基于此,研究者根据发现问题——分析问题——解决问题的研究思路,以“乡村中小学青年教师”为研究对象,通过文献研究法、调查法和访谈法对乡村中小学青年教师流失的原因进行探析,进而找到解决青年教师流失问题的方法,最终稳定乡村青年教师队伍,推动乡村教育发展。本研究分为五个部分,第一部分为绪论,该部分阐明本研究的缘起,研究目的、研究意义、研究思路、研究方法和与乡村中小学青年教师流失有关的文献综述。第二部分分析青年教师的特点、界定本研究中的相关概念和乡村青年教师流失问题研究的理论基础。第三部分对乡村中小学青年教师流失现状进行调查研究,包括调查对象所在县概况、调查问卷设计、乡村中小学青年教师流失现状及其不利影响进行分析。第四部分对乡村中小学青年教师流失的原因进行分析。研究者通过对赣州市于都县乡村中小学青年教师问卷数据和访谈资料的整理,从教师待遇因素、教师晋升发展因素、教师感情因素、学校管理因素和教师自身五个维度分析乡村中小学青年教师流失的原因。第五部分是根据青年教师流失的具体原因,从待遇留人、发展留人、感情留人、制度留人和教师自身五个方面提出有针对性的解决青年教师流失问题的建议。第一,增加乡村中小学青年教师收入、保障乡村青年教师福利待遇、提高教师社会地位;第二,健全教师晋升机制、完善教师培训制度;第三,提升乡村青年教师组织归属感、改善乡村教师生活工作环境;第四、建立公费师范生乡村任教长效机制、完善教师激励机制、完善城乡教师交流制度、健全乡村学校民主管理制度;第五、正确定位自身角色,产生合理期望、青年教师要树立正确信念和职业理想;为了解决乡村青年教师流失问题,研究者提出了以上五点建议供相关部门参考,期望这些措施运用到实际中能产生一定的效果。由于本研究选取的研究样本数量有限,且选取范围仅局限于一个县,所以调查结果的代表性不强,对于某些特殊地区的教师流失问题解决可能不太具有参照价值。由于研究者学识有限,在分析问题的过程中可能存在观点片面、缺乏足够数据支撑等问题,但是在未来的研究中,我将继续关注此问题,以期获得更加有价值的成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Teacher is the first resource in the development of education,young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools is the primary resources for the sustainable development of rural education,rural young teachers are so important to improve the quality of rural population,rural talent cultivation,the development of rural economy and rural cultural,in order to to construct the group of rural teachers,we should pay more attention to young teachers,keep the stability of young teachers,while rural loss of young teachers for the stability of the countryside teachers had a negative effect,so it is necessary to study on loss of young teachers in rural.From China rural education development report 2017,at present our country rural teachers "teachers are glad to teach in rural,to retain and teach well" situation is builded,rural middle and primary school teacher than declining from 2012 to 2016.China rural education development report 2017 shows the rural pre-school education advanced complete several targets.China’s rural education,it shows that at present our country rural teachers team construction has achieved certain success.However,in some areas,the loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools still exists,and the loss rate is high.Such as Soviet revolution ganzhou city yudu county by the end of December 2017,there are 2973 young teachers(below 35)in the county.from 2013 to 2017,there are about 400 young teachers loss in the rural primary and secondary per year,the proportion is 13.5%.Loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools seriously has affected the rural teachers team construction,broke the village school normal teaching order,has affected the rural education quality has increased,more conducive to the development of rural schools,so the loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools,find out the reasons of the loss of young teachers,youth and stable rural primary and secondary schools teachers is particularly important.Based on this,the researchers found according to the question-analysis problem-the research train of thought to solve the problem,in order to "youngteachers in rural primary and secondary schools" as the research object,through literature research,questionnaire and interview method to analysis the reasons of the loss of young teachers in rural primary and middle schools,and then find a way to solve the problem of loss of young teachers,the final stable rural youth teachers,promoting the development of rural education.This reseacrh is divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction,which explains the origin of this study,research purpose,research significance,research ideas,research methods and literature review related to the loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools.The second part analyzes the characteristics of young teachers,defines the relevant concepts in this study and the theoretical basis of the study on the loss of young rural teachers.The third part investigates and studies the loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools,including the survey of the county where the respondents are located,the design of the questionnaire,the loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools and its adverse effects.The fourth part analyzes the reasons for the loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools.Through the collation of questionnaire data and interview data of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools in yudu county,ganzhou city,the author analyzed the reasons for the loss of young teachers in rural primary and secondary schools from five dimensions,including factors of teacher treatment,teacher promotion and development,teacher emotion,school management and teachers themselves.The fifth part is based on the specific reasons of the loss of young teachers,from the treatment of retention,development of retention,feelings of retention,retention system and teachers themselves five aspects to put forward targeted Suggestions to solve the problem of the loss of young teachers.First,improve the salary level of young rural primary and secondary school teachers,ensure the welfare treatment of young rural teachers,and improve the social status of teachers;Second,improve the teacher promotion mechanism and teacher training system;Third,enhance the sense of belonging of young rural teachers and improve the living and working environment of rural teachers;Fourth,improve the urban and rural teacher exchange system,improve the rural school democratic management system,encourage teachers to participate in democratic management,managers should pay attention to the development of young teachers,to provide a platform for teacher development;Fifth,the correct positioning of their role,the generation of reasonable expectations,young teachers to establish the correct faith and career ideal;In order to solve the problem of the loss of young teachers in rural areas,researchers put forward the five Suggestions for the reference of relevant departments,hoping that these measures can be applied in practice and produce some results.Because the number of research samples selected in this study is limited and the scope of selection is limited to one county,therepresentativeness of the survey results is not strong,which may not be of reference value for solving the problem of teacher turnover in some special areas.Due to the limited knowledge of researchers,there may be some problems such as one-sided views and insufficient data support in the process of problem analysis.However,in the future research,I will continue to pay attention to this problem in order to obtain more valuable results.更多还原