【作者】 杨婷；

【导师】 王秀荣；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 风景园林学， 2019， 硕士

【副题名】以贵阳市为例

【摘要】 在我国西南地区,山地资源极其丰富,山地公园作为城市最具代表性的绿地,是山地城市的一道特色的天然屏障和绿色氧吧。其植物景观更是城市风貌的有机组成部分,对城市的生态环境起着一定的改善作用。然而,却少有人对山地公园植物景观评价与营建进行系统性的研究。本论文以贵阳市山地公园(黔灵山公园、花溪公园、登高云山森林公园)的72个典型植物群落为研究对象,通过内容分析法与德尔菲法构建山地公园植物景观景观适宜性评价体系,采用主成分分析法对72个样地进行评价。研究结果如下:(1)贵阳市山地公园72个植物群落共有植物226种,隶属96科200属,其中乔木类70种,灌木类54种,草本类102种,草本植物资源较为丰富。黔灵山公园样地内共有植物124种,隶属64科114属,种类数量最多。登高云山森林公园样地内共有植物109种,隶属62科98属,种类数量次之。花溪公园样地内共有植物87种,隶属51科77属,种类数量偏低。(2)山地公园整体乔木种类大于灌木种类,72个调查样地乔灌比分布不均匀,林下植物景观较为单调。在植物群落配置上主要以落叶乔木与常绿灌木为主,常绿乔木与落叶灌木种类多样性偏低。在植物来源上,乡土植物应用种类较为丰富,其中乡土乔木应用种类较多,乡土灌木应用种类比例偏低。山地公园同一群落不同多样性指数变化趋势具有一定的相似性,多样性指数总体偏低。(3)山地公园所应用的植物以观花植物为主,观叶植物为辅,观干植物应用种类最少。植物景观季相变化以春秋两季为主,夏季为辅,冬季植物景观单薄,其中春季以春花植物为主;夏季以夏花植物为主;秋季以秋色叶植物为主,秋花植物为辅;冬季仅有冬花植物,其他类植物种类较少。山地公园绿色系、白色系、红粉色系植物种类较多,紫色系与黄色系植物种类较少,其它色彩植物种类单一。(4)采用主成分分析法对72个样地进行景观适宜性评价,评价结果显示在评价的72个样地中,在适宜范围内的植物群落有39个,占评价单元总数的54.17%,不在适宜范围内的植物群落有33个,占评价单元总数的45.83%。水岸湿地植物群落整体景观适宜性较好,山地与平地的植物群落整体适宜性还有待提高,且乔-灌-草类型植物群落的景观适宜性普遍比灌-草与草坪疏林结构的植物群落更好。(5)山地公园共调查评价的乔-灌-草类型植物景观单元共有38个,其中在适宜范围内的有27个,占乔-灌-草类型植物群落总数的71.05%,乔灌木种类比值与乔灌木数量比值在0~2之间的植物群落景观适宜性较好。全为常绿植物的群落和全为落叶植物的群落共19个,景观单元中不在景观适宜范围内的样地有15个,占总数的78.95%。说明合理的乔灌草搭配、常绿植物与落叶植物适宜配置在山地公园植物景观营建中尤其重要。(6)三个山地公园植物景观景观适宜性高低顺序为黔灵山公园、花溪公园、登高云山森林公园。其中黔灵山公园整体植物景观质量较为均衡,登高云山森林公园植物景观质量落差较大。综合分析发现山地植物群落在生态适宜层面表现较好,因此在保留它良好的生态属性外更需要提高其景观适宜性和社会适宜性。在此基础上,对平地、山地、水岸湿地的典型植物景观进行了分析,总结其景观特点及配置模式,为提高山地公园植物景观的构建水平提供了参考依据。(7)通过对山地公园植物景观调查与景观适宜性评价结果的分析,总结了山地公园植物景观存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了5点山地公园植物景观营建策略,以期指导山地公园植物景观营建及管理工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mountain park,as the most representative green space of city,is a characteristic natural barrier and green oxygen bar of mountainous city.Its plant landscape is an organic part of the urban landscape,and plays a certain role in improving the ecological environment of the city.However,there are few systematic studies on plant landscape evaluation and construction of mountain parks.In this paper,72 typical plant communities in Guiyang Mountain Park(Qianling Mountain Park,Huaxi Park,Gaoyun Mountain Forest Park)are studied.The evaluation system of plant landscape suitability in mountain park was constructed by content analysis and Delphi method.The principal component analysis was used to evaluate 72 sample plots.The findings are as follows:(1)there are 226 species belonging to 96 families and 200 genera in 72 plant communities in Guiyang Mountain Park,including 70 species of trees,54 species of shrubs,102 species of herbs.There are 124 species of plants in Qianling Mountain Park,belonging to 64 families and 114 genera,with the largest number of species.There are 109 species of plants belonging to 98 genera and 62 families in Tiangyunshan Forest Park,followed by the number of species.There are 87 species of plants in Huaxi Park,belonging to 51 families and 77 genera,and the number of species is low.(2)the total species of Arbor in mountain park is larger than that of shrub,and the distribution of Arbor-shrub ratio is not uniform in 72 investigated plots,and the undergrowth plant landscape is relatively monotonous.In the plant community configuration,mainly deciduous trees and evergreen shrubs,evergreen trees and deciduous shrubs species diversity is low.In the source of plants,native plant application species are more abundant,among which there are more native tree application species,and the proportion of native shrub application species is low.The variation trend of diversity index of the same community in mountain park is similar,and the diversity index is low.(3)The main plant used in mountain park is flower plant,the leaf plant is auxiliary,and the dry plant is the least.The seasonal change of plant landscape is mainly spring and autumn,summer is auxiliary,winter is thin,spring is the main,summer is summer,autumn is autumn,and autumn is the supplementary,and the plant landscape is thin in winter,spring is the main plant,summer is the main,autumn is the main,and autumn is the supplementary,and the plant landscape is thin in winter.There are only winter flower plants in winter,and there are few other kinds of plants.There are many species of green,white,red and pink in mountain park,less of purple and yellow,and single of other color plants.(4)The principal component analysis method was used to evaluate the landscape suitability of 72 sample plots.The results showed that there were 39 plant communities in the suitable range,accounting for 54.17% of the total number of evaluation units,and the results of the evaluation showed that there were 39 plant communities in the suitable range of 72 plots,which accounted for 54.17% of the total evaluation units.There were 33 plant communities out of the suitable range,accounting for 45.83% of the total number of evaluation units.The overall landscape suitability of plant communities in waterfront wetland is better,and the overall suitability of plant communities in mountain and flat land needs to be improved.The landscape suitability of tree-irrigation-grass type plant community is generally better than that of shrub-grass and lawn sparse forest community.(5)A total of 38 tree-irrigation-grass-type plant landscape units were investigated and evaluated in mountain parks,of which 27 were within the appropriate range,accounting for 71.05% of the total number of tree-irrigation-grass-type plant communities.The landscape of the plant community with the ratio of species to shrub and the number of trees and shrubs between 0 and 2 was better than that of the other.There are 19 communities with evergreen plants and all deciduous plants,and there are 15 sample plots in the landscape unit which are not suitable for the landscape,accounting for 78.95% of the total.It shows that the proper allocation of evergreen plants and deciduous plants is especially important in the construction of mountain park plant landscape.(6)The sequence of plant landscape suitability of three mountain parks is Qianling Mountain Park,Hua Xi Park and Gaoyun Mountain Forest Park.The overall plant landscape quality of Qianling Mountain Park is more balanced,and the plant landscape quality of climbing Gaoyun Mountain Forest Park falls greatly.The comprehensive analysis shows that the mountain flora is better at the ecological suitability level,so it is more necessary to improve the landscape suitability and social suitability in addition to retaining its good ecological attributes.The typical plant landscape of plain,mountainous and waterfront wetlands is analyzed,and the landscape characteristics and configuration patterns are summarized,which provides a reference for improving the construction level of plant landscape in mountain parks.(7)By analyzing the results of plant landscape investigation and landscape suitability evaluation in mountain park,this paper summarizes the existing problems of plant landscape in mountain park,and puts forward five construction strategies of plant landscape in mountain park.In order to guide the mountain park plant landscape construction and management work.更多还原