【作者】 李文强；

【导师】 赵彩平；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 苹果树矮化密植具有结果早、产量高、便于管理的特点,应用矮化中间砧是当前我国苹果生产生采用的主要致矮手段。由于矮化中间砧、自根砧苹果抗逆性差,对土肥水管理要求高,且由于各地肥水基础条件不同,如何选择砧穗组合成为制约我省苹果产业发展的主要问题。乾县位于陕西关中平原中段北侧,渭北高原南缘。因地势高、昼夜温差大、气候适宜苹果生长。试验站立足乾县,引进砧木M26、M9-T337和SH系,搭配5个富士短枝型品种宫崎短枝、石富短枝、青森短枝S号、烟富6号和晋-18以及4个富士长枝型品烟富3号、烟富10号、寿富士和富士冠军,对各种砧穗组合的树体长势、果实品质及产量进行了全面的试验,初步筛选适宜在渭北地区栽植的最优组合。主要研究结果如下:1.青森短枝S号和烟富6号适宜搭配SH38中间砧,其树势中庸,中短枝比例较高,果实品质高,且产量高,综合表现优良,是渭北地区适应性较好的砧穗组合。宫崎短枝搭配SH38中间砧的树势健壮,短枝比例高,产量高,但果实品质表现一般,综合表现较好,适宜在渭北栽植。2.宫崎短枝和青森短枝S号搭配M9-T337自根砧的综合表现较好,其树势旺盛,产量较高,但果实品质表现一般。3.烟富3号搭配SH16自根砧的综合表现较好,其树势中庸,中短枝比例较高,果实品质佳,且产量高,是渭北地区适应性较好的砧穗组合。烟富10号搭配SH16自根砧的树势中庸,中短枝比例较高,产量高,但果实品质表现较一般,综合表现上较适应渭北地区。4.烟富10号还适宜与SH38中间砧搭配,其树势健壮,枝类分布较合理,果实品质较高,且产量高,综合表现优良,是渭北地区适应性较好的砧穗组合。5.针对其它短枝接穗品种和长枝接穗品种,本试验未发现合适的砧木类型与之搭配能使该砧穗组合的综合表现良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Apple dwarfing-closing planting has the characteristics of early fruit bearing,high yield and easy management,and the application of dwarfing interstock is the main method of dwarfing in apple production in our country.Due to the poor resistance of dwarfing interstock and dwarfing rootstock,the requirements for the management of soil,fertilizer and water are high,and due to the different foundation conditions of fertilizer and water in different regions,how to choose scion-rootstock combinations has become the main problem that restricts the development of apple industry in our province.Qianxian is located in the north of the central part of shaanxi guanzhong plain,the southern edge of weibei plateau.Because of high terrain,large temperature difference between day and night,the climate is suitable for apple growth.Test was based on qianxian test station,stock M26,M9-T337 and SH series were introduced,with five short branch Fuji types including miyazaki short branch,shifu short branch,aomori short branch S,yanfu 6 and jin 18 and four long branch Fuji types including yanfu 3,yanfu 10,shou Fuji and Fuji guanjun,tree growth,fruit quality and output of various scion-rootstock combinations were comprehensively test,the optimum combination suitable for planting in weibei region was selected preliminarily.The main results were as follows:1.The SH38 interstock was suitable for aomori short branch S and yanfu 6,with moderate tree potential,high proportion of medium and short branches,high fruit quality,high yield and excellent comprehensive performance,which was a good scion-rootstock combination in weibei region.The trees of miyazaki short branch with SH38 interstock were robust,with high proportion of short shoot and high yield,but the fruit quality was average and the comprehensive performance was good,which was suitable for planting in weibei.2.Miyazaki short branch and aomori short branch S combined with M9-T337 rootstock showed better comprehensive performance,with strong tree potential and high yield,but the fruit quality was average.3.The comprehensive performance of yanfu 3 with SH16 rootstock was good,with moderate tree potential,high proportion of medium and short branches,good fruit quality and high yield,which was a good scion-rootstock combination in weibei region.Yanfu 10 matched with rootstock had moderate tree potential,with high proportion of medium and short branches and high yield,but the fruit quality was relatively average,and the comprehensive performance was more suitable for weibei region.4.Yanfu 10 was also suitable to be matched with SH38 interstock,with robust tree potential,reasonable branch distribution,high fruit quality,high yield and excellent comprehensive performance,and it was a scion-rootstock combination with good adaptability in weibei region.5.For other varieties of short scion types and long scion types,no suitable stock type,which could make the comprehensive performance of the combination well,was found in this experiment.更多还原