【作者】 何凡；

【导师】 边扬；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 快速的城市化进程中,用地低质蔓延和交通低效运行等城市问题日益突出,迫使北京市在城市发展过程中更多的关注土地利用与交通发展的一体化模式。公共交通导向城市发展(TOD,Transit Oriented Development)是优化土地利用、交通发展以及各项城市规划环节的有力手段,为用地和交通发展的有机结合提供了可能。为剖析TOD模式下土地利用与轨道交通发展的内在联系,指导建成站点的用地优化与交通改善,并辅助拟建站点的合理规划,需要构建一套轨道站域TOD发展成效的评价方法。基于此,本文从以下几个方面进行了研究:首先,总结国内外TOD的发展实践和科学研究情况,结合北京市发展现状进行TOD发展的SWOT分析,明确了北京市轨道站域发展TOD具有政策支持和实践条件良好等优势与机遇,同时也面临着体系庞大和操作复杂等威胁与挑战。其次,确定北京市在TOD视角下的轨道站域发展成效评价对象。选取居住人口密度、就业岗位密度、容积率、轨道交通客流量作为用地与出行强度指标,结合全市轨道站点ArGIS数据,根据Node-Place模型进行评价对象的初步选择,得到25个初始分析站点。然后分析区内外出行与用地模式的关系,结合基于ArcGIS和Cube进行场景搭建的可达性潜能模型,以及混合性熵指数模型,构建TOD轨道站域的站点分类和对象选择方法,得到4个最终评价站点。然后,梳理国内外轨道站域TOD发展成效评价体系,确定最全面的用地、出行、经济、环境、社会感知五大评价维度。根据出现频率法和德尔菲法搭建五维三级的评价指标体系,并分析了23个评价指标的具体含义和计算方法。依据TOD本身的模糊特点与评价指标的模糊性,采用模糊综合的评价方法进行综合评价,其中,结合灰色关联分析和变异系数,形成了客观赋权的指标权重确定方法,提高了客观赋权方法的精度。最后,根据站域分类结果,分别选择王府井、朝阳门、金台夕照、国贸四个站点进行实例研究。结果表明,四个研究站点的TOD发展成效均处于中等水平,发展力度仍需加强。接着对评价结果进行整体与各维度展开分析,并且从交通运行、土地价值和社会感知三个层面分析了发展成效影响机理,最后依据站点评价结果与发展成效致因分析结果提出改善建议,为提高站域TOD发展水平提供了合理依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urbanization,the problems such as disorderly spread of landuse and inefficient traffic condition become worsen,which pushs Beijing to pay more attention on combining landuse and traffic development in the process of urban development.Transit Oriented Development(TOD)is an effective way to integrate land use,transit and other aspects of urban planning,which offers great possibility to optimize landuse and traffic together in urban development.To analyse the inner correlation of landuse and rail transit baesd on TOD mode,guide to optimize landuse and traffic condition,help to plan new metro station,an assessment method need to be built to judge the development result of TOD in metro station area.For that,this paper studys some aspects as follow:First,summarized some practical cases and research papers of TOD,analysed current condition in Beijing by SWOT analysis method.Making clear that the metro stations area had some strength and opportunity to develop TOD,such as policy support and great practice condition,meanwhile,facing great challenges and weaknesses,such as large system and difficult operation as well.Second,chose the evaluation objects of metro station area in Beijing in view of TOD.Chose density of residents,density of jobs,plot ratio and rail transit volume as landuse and traffic indicators.Use ArcGIS data,chose node-palce model to select preliminary evaluation objects,obtain 25 metro stations.Then analysed the correlation between travel in or out of metro station area and landuse mode,combined the model of accessibility,which used ArcGIS and CUBE to deal with data,and mixedness entropy index model to build metro station area classification method,finally got 4 evaluation objects.Third,summarized evaluation system of TOD in metro station area at domestic and aboard,ensure the five evaluation dimensions including,landuse,travel,economy,environment,and social perception.According frequency of occurrence and Delphi Method to determine the evaluation system with five dimentions and three levels,then explain the meaning and calculation method of 23 indicators.Because of the fussiness of TOD and indicators,used Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to evaluate,in which,combine Grey Relational Analysis and Coefficient of Variation to determine weight of each indicator,improved the accuracy of the method to determine weight objectively.Finally,based the result of classification,chose 4 metro station areas,including,Wangfujing,Chaoyangmen,Jintaixizhao and Guomao,to use the evaluation method.The result showed that,4 areas were all in middle development level,which indicated that TOD development condition in Beijing’s metro station areas should be strengthen.Then,analysed the whole results and each dimension of subjects in study,analysed the casue leading to the development results in 3 aspects,including traffic,land-value,and perception.At last,some advices were put forward according to the result,which can offerred proper guide to improve development condition in metro station area based on TOD.更多还原