【作者】 刘珍；

【导师】 邓楚雄； 王克林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 西南喀斯特区域是我国喀斯特地貌的集中分布区。脆弱的生态系统叠加高强度的人类干扰使得该区域石漠化和贫困问题严重。近年来,在城镇化、生态工程建设等背景下,高强度的人类干扰活动得到缓解。明晰人类干扰强度的变化及其影响植被恢复的作用特征,有助于评估石漠化综合治理工程第一期的成效,为第二期工程的顺利实施提供科学参考。本文以地理学、生态学等理论为指导,以滇桂黔三省的294个县(市、区)为研究单元,采用1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年5个时间节点的人类干扰和植被恢复数据,综合运用级差最大化组合赋权法、空间自相关分析等方法对人类干扰强度进行表征与量化,在此基础上,利用地理加权回归模型分析了人类干扰对植被恢复的影响,以揭示喀斯特区域植被恢复与人类干扰因素的作用特征,为后续石漠化综合治理提供决策参考。主要结论如下:(1)1995-2015年,滇桂黔三省的人类干扰强度是波动下降的,下降速度先快后慢。生态工程实施(2000年)前,滇桂黔三省的人类干扰强度较大,生态工程实施后,人类干扰强度明显下降,表明生态工程的实施缓解了高强度的人类活动。人类干扰强度按等级划分成低、较低、中等、较高和高5种类型,低类型比较稳定,其余4种类型变动较大。在喀斯特地貌的不同类型区,人类干扰强度的分布特征不同,但各类型区强度均有所下降。滇桂黔三省的人类干扰强度有显著的空间正相关性,整体上,集聚程度比较稳定;局部集聚模式上,以不显著区为主,其次是高高集聚和低低集聚。在分布上,高高集聚的变化较大且相对零散,而低低集聚分布较稳定,主要分布在广西的东南部,其他地区也有零散分布。(2)1995-2015年,从空间上来看,各人类干扰因素及其主导因素对植被恢复的影响有明显的差异性。总的来说,研究区域内土地垦殖率、复种指数、坡耕地面积占比、道路密度对植被恢复以负向影响为主,农村居民点面积、接待旅游人数和生态工程造林面积对植被恢复以正向作用为主。主导因素中,基础设施建设和旅游始终影响植被变化。其中,旅游始终是影响中高山地区植被变化的主导因素。此外,正负主导作用的分布范围稳定不变。其中,峰丛洼地和断陷盆地是负主导作用的集中分布区,岩溶高原、峡谷和云南省南部的部分非岩溶区也有少数分布,其余区域则为正主导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Southwest Karst region is the concentrated distribution region of Karst landform in China.Fragile ecosystems,coupled with human disturbance intensity,having made serious rocky desertification and poverty problem in the region.In recent years,in the context of urbanization and ecological engineering construction and so on,the high intensity of human disturbance activities have been alleviated.Clarifying the specific functional characteristics of human disturbance intensity and their effects on vegetation restoration,which is helpful to evaluate the effectiveness of the first phase of the comprehensive control project of rocky desertification and to promote the smooth implementation of the second phase of the project.Based on the theories of geography,ecology and so on,taking 294counties(cities and districts)of Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces as research units,the data of human disturbance and vegetation restoration at five time points in 1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2015 are used in this paper,quantifying and characterizing the human disturbance intensity with the methods of hierarchical difference maximization combined weighting,spatial auto correlation and so on.On this basis,the influence of human disturbance on vegetation restoration is analyzed by using geographical weighted regression model,in order to reveal the characteristics of vegetation restoration and human disturbance in Karst region,and to provide a decision reference for further comprehensive control of rocky desertification.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In 1995-2015,the human disturbance intensity fluctuating decreased in Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces,and the rate of decline was first fast and then slow.Before the implementation of the ecological project,the human disturbance intensity in the Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces was large,and the human disturbance intensity decreased obviously after the implementation of the ecologicalproject,indicating that the implementation of the ecological project alleviated the high intensity of human activities.According to the level of disturbance intensity and its variation characteristics,the human disturbance intensity in the study area can be divided into five types:stable low type,changed lower type,changed middle type,changed higher type and changed high type.In different karst geomorphological regions,the distribution characteristics of human disturbance intensity are different,but the intensity of each type area is decreased.The human disturbance intensity in Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces has significant spatial positive correlation,and the overall concentration degree is relatively stable,while the local auto correlation pattern is mainly in the unsignificant area,followed by high concentration and low concentration.The distribution of high agglomeration varies greatly and is relatively scattered.The distribution of low concentration is relatively stable,mainly concentrated in the southeast of Guangxi,and scattered in other regions.(2)In 1995-2015,the influence of human disturbance factors on vegetation restoration was quite different.In general,the land reclamation rate,multiple cropping index,the proportion of sloping land area and road density in the study area are mainly negative effects on vegetation restoration.The rural residential area,the number of tourists and the afforestation area of ecological engineering mainly played a positive role in vegetation restoration.Similarly,in 1995-2015,the dominant factors affecting the vegetation change in Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces are obviously different,and the dominant factors among different karst landforms are quite different.Infrastructure construction and tourism are always the dominant factors affecting vegetation change,among which,tourism is always the dominant factor of vegetation change in middle and high mountain areas.The distribution range of positive and negative dominant effect remains stable all the time,and the negative dominant action is mainly concentrated in the area of peak-clusterdepression,most of karst fault basins,part of karst plateau and karst canyon,and part of non-karst area in the south of Yunnan province,the other regions play a positive role.更多还原