【作者】 张磊；

【导师】 陆诗忠；

【作者基本信息】 烟台大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 持续性不法侵害与一般不法侵害相比,具有侵害持续进行、数个侵害行为并存、造成的危险状态持续存在、侵害行为叠加造成危险状态累积升高等特征,既包括不法行为也包括不法状态。在正当防卫的认定上,司法实践中存在仅机械地作利益衡量的错误方法,只要防卫造成的损害后果“大于”所保护的法益,往往就认定防卫行为超出了必要限度,而得出有罪的结论。持续性不法侵害情形下,正当防卫的构成与一般情形有所不同:从防卫目的来看,防卫目的的欠缺或者存在瑕疵并不阻却正当防卫的成立;防卫时间上,只要持续不法侵害存在现实的危险就应当认定其正在进行,而不能仅因不法侵害行为尚未施加到被害人身上或者不法侵害行为已经犯罪既遂来认定不法侵害尚未开始或者已经结束,同时,基于持续性不法侵害的叠加性特征,应将持续性不法侵害作为一个整体考量,侵害行为暂时的中止并不意味着不法侵害的结束;防卫限度上,是否明显超过必要限度在判断上具有逻辑优先性,而重大损害仅指重伤以上损害后果,对前者而言在判断上具有辅助性作用。因此,该情形下评价是否防卫过当,首先,要肯定持续、叠加的侵害行为对防卫人心理的影响,在主观上不能对其苛刻要求;其次,基于多个侵害行为所形成的量的积累、危险程度累积升高,当不法侵害暴力程度或危险程度升高到严重危及人身安全时,能够成立特殊防卫;最后,应厘清是否明显超过必要限度与重大损害的逻辑关系,将持续不法侵害作为一个整体结合双方行为的性质、手段、时间做综合考量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compared with general unlawful infringement,continuous unlawful infringement has the characteristics of continuous infringement,coexistence of several infringement acts,persistent existence of dangerous state caused by the overlapping infringement acts,and accumulation and increase of dangerous state caused by the overlapping infringement acts,including both illegal acts and illegal state.In the determination of justifiable defense,there is a wrong method that only mechanically measures the interests in judicial practice.As long as the damage result of defense is “greater than” the protected legal interest,it is often found that the defense exceeds the necessary limit and a conclusion of guilt is drawn.The constitution of justifiable defense is different from the general situation in the case of continuous unlawful infringement.From the point of view of defense purpose,the deficiency or flaw of defense purpose does not prevent the establishment of justifiable defense.From the point of view of defense purpose,the deficiency or flaw of defense purpose does not prevent the establishment of justifiable defense.In terms of defense time,as long as there is a real danger of the unlawful infringement,it shall be deemed that the unlawful infringement is ongoing,rather than that the unlawful infringement has not started or ended just because the unlawful infringement has not been imposed on the victim or the unlawful infringement has been completed.At the same time,based on the overlapping characteristic of the continuous unlawful infringement,the continuous unlawful infringement should be considered as a whole.The temporary suspension of the infringement does not mean the end of the illegal infringement.In terms of defense limit,whether the defense limit obviously exceeds the necessary limit has a logical priority in judgment,while significant damage only refers to the consequences of serious injury or above,which plays a supplementary role in judgment for the former.Therefore,in this case,to evaluate whether the defense is excessive,first of all,it is necessary to affirm the impact of continuous and overlapping aggression on the defense person’s psychology,and it is essential not to impose strict requirements on the defense person.Secondly,based on the accumulation of a number of violations and the increase in the degree of danger,special defense can be established when the degree of violence or danger of unlawful infringement rises to a level that seriously endangers personal safety.Finally,it is necessary to clarify the logical relationship between the obvious excess of the necessary limit and the significant damage,and comprehensively consider the nature,means and time of the continuous unlawful infringement as a whole combined with the behaviors of both parties.更多还原