【作者】 陈明；

【导师】 史健勇；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 土木工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 传统的火灾模拟方法信息化程度低,数据管理能力较弱。近年来,由于计算机性能提高使得BIM(Building Information Model)技术得到发展,本文研究了如何将BIM技术应用到建筑火灾模拟与安全分析当中,构建基于BIM的建筑火灾模拟方法和技术环境。本文通过研究BIM技术的通用数据交换标准IFC(Industry Foundation Classes),在IFC的基础之上建立了基于BIM的建筑火灾模拟与安全分析的框架体系,框架以IFC文件为核心,包括火灾模拟部分、结构分析部分、深化设计部分。框架重点研究了IFC标准对火灾模拟数据和结构分析数据的表达、存储与转换。火灾模拟部分主要研究将IFC标准描述的建筑构件的几何形体和材料信息转换为火灾模型,并将火灾模拟结果存入IFC文件中。IFC标准对建筑构件的形状描述主要有两种,规则构件的拉伸形体和不规则构件的边界表达形体。拉伸形体采用分层转化的方式转化为火灾模型。边界表达形体部分研究了三角面片和多边形面片的转换,并分析了影响转化精度的因素,提出火灾模型精细化表达的方法。材料的转换采用了直接法或者材料数据库的方式,使用材料数据库作为参照库使材料信息转换的更加全面。最后将火灾模拟结果组成属性集,通过反属性拓展方式与构件关联,并存入IFC文件中。结构分析部分主要研究IFC标准对结构模型数据的表达与存储。首先研究了三个方面内容:IFC标准中建筑模型与结构模型的关系;建筑构件与结构构件的关系;IFC标准对结构模型和结构构件信息的表达。在此基础上提出将IFC表达的结构模型转换为有限元模型的思路。思路主要研究了如何获取结构构件的截面信息、材料信息、构件连接关系,并通过建立IFC构件与有限元软件的映射关系,将结构模型转换为有限元模型。并从IFC文件中提取出火灾模拟信息,施加到结构模型中进行结构分析。最后将框架中的方法应用到输变电工程中的变电站、工作井以及小型商场的火灾模拟与安全分析中,从BIM模型中获取的IFC文件,从IFC文件中获取了火灾模型和结构分析模型,并利用火灾模拟结果进行了构件的深化设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional fire simulation method has a low degree of information and low data utilization rate.In recent years,BIM technology has been developed rapidly due to the improvement of computer performance.This paper studied how to apply BIM technology to building fire simulation and safety analysis,and constructed building fire simulation methods and technical environment based on BIM.By studying the common data exchange IFC standard of BIM technology,a framework of building fire simulation and safety analysis based on BIM is established.The framework is based on IFC standard,including fire simulation,structural analysis and detailed design.This paper focuses on the expression,storage and transformation of fire simulation data and structural analysis data.The main part of the fire simulation is convertting geometry and materials of IFC building components into a fire model.There are two major descriptions of the shape of building elements in IFC standard.One is stretched body of rule component and the other is boundary expression of the irregular component.The stretched body are divided into several layers,each layer is converted to a fire model.Boundary expression body is composed of triangular patches and polygonal patches.This paper studied the conversion of these two kind of patches into a fire model and analyzed the factors that affect the conversion accuracy.A method of making the fire model more accurate is presented.Two methods are used for material conversion,one is direct conversion and the other is using the material library.Using the material library is a better choice.Finally,the fire simulation data formed of a set of attributes.These attributes are associated with the building element and they are stored in the element.The main part of the fire simulation is how the structure information were stored in IFC standard.First of all,three aspects are studied: relationship between building model and structure model;relationship between building component and structure component;the description of structural model and structural component information in IFC standard.On the basis of previous studies,an idea to convert the structure model to FEM model is proposed.This idea involved profile,material and connection.Finally,the fire simulation results are extracted from the IFC and the information is used to build the FEM model.The method above is applied to a shopping mall.The FEM model and the fire model was extracted from IFC file of the shopping mall.Finally,the simulation results are used in detailed design.更多还原