【作者】 王颖；

【导师】 李伟昉；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧和诗歌中涉及了一个关于政治和政治哲学的特殊故事:现代世俗民族主义的兴起。其中涵盖了许多不同的社会政治现象,概括来说就是:对传统价值的划时代的重新评估,其中包括战士的政治合法性的下降,严格的等级制度的解体,以及政府作为一个服务于功利主义和世俗目的的专门领域的崛起。在其作品中,莎士比亚展示了非政治或超政治伦理在与城邦、帝国、共和国、国家之间进行的斗争中失败了。莎士比亚对古希腊和古罗马政治的描述,在一定程度上,参与了政治现代性的开端。本文包括绪论、正文和结语。正文共分三章:第一章主要介绍了莎士比亚罗马剧中对古代传统价值观的划时代的重新评估。莎士比亚笔下的异教世界在某种程度上衰落了,因为它所假定的价值观经不起哲学发言人所宣扬的批判理性主义所带来的审视。俄底修斯对传统荷马价值观的理性主义评估,尽管其意图是服务于等级和集体主义目标,但却引发了对其自身的否定。从希腊到罗马,出现了新的价值观:公民美德、大众意志。这在罗马共和国的早期表现为战士的政治合法性的下降;在共和国的晚期,表现为从公共到个人、从理性到爱的历史性转变。第二章主要介绍了莎士比亚罗马剧中所呈现出来的不同政制之间的碰撞。从罗马共和国的早期阶段,至共和国晚期和帝国的诞生,在这整个过程中,罗马护民官的设立,民主制的不健全以及共和国的腐化一直是无法逃避的问题。莎士比亚的罗马剧通过揭示民主与暴政、专制与法治之间错综复杂的关系,从而引导我们反思自由、平等、权力、正义等问题。第三章主要介绍了莎士比亚罗马剧中对古代政治的描述与现代政治理论是如何产生对话的。莎士比亚通过使用将人体与政体进行有机类比的寓言,引入了古代政治的张力,预示了现代政治理论家对政体与(父权)家庭之间进行类比的批判技巧。家族类比似乎是为了使等级制度合法化而设计的,但由于家族关系的非静态性质,它也有可能扰乱等级制度。此外,罗马剧中的人物及其思想也预示了现代理性主义和平等主义打破等级秩序的情形。更多还原

【Abstract】 William Shakespeare’s plays and poems tell a particular story about politics and political philosophy: the rise of modern secular nationalism.It covers many different social and political phenomena,in a nutshell: the epochal reassessment of traditional values,including the decline in the political legitimacy of the warrior,the breakdown of strict hierarchies,and the rise of the state as a specialized domain for utilitarian and secular purposes.In his work,Shakespeare shows that apolitical or supra-political ethics failed in the war against the city-state,empire,republic and state.Shakespeare’s description of ancient Greek and Roman politics,to a certain extent,participated in the beginning of modernity.This paper includes introduction,text and conclusion.The text is divided into three chapters:The first chapter mainly introduces the epochal reassessment of ancient traditional values in Shakespeare’s Roman plays.Shakespeare’s pagan world declined in a way because its supposed values could not withstand the scrutiny of the critical rationalism preached by philosophical spokesmen.Ulysses’ rationalistic assessment of traditional Homeric values,though intended to serve hierarchical and collectivist goals,has led to its own negation.From Greece to Rome,new values emerged: civic virtue,the will of the masses.This was manifested in the early days of the Roman republic as a decline in the political legitimacy of the soldiers;In the late period of the republic,there was a historic transition from public to individual,from reason to love.The second chapter mainly introduces the collision between different political systems presented in Shakespeare’s Roman plays.From the early days of the Roman republic,to the dissolution of the republic and the birth of the empire,in the whole process,there have many problems,such as the establishment of the tribune,the imperfect of the democracy and the corruption of the republic.By revealing the intricate relationship between democracy and tyranny,autocracy and the rule of law,Shakespeare’s Roman drama guides us to think about such issues as freedom,equality,power and justice.The third chapter mainly introduces the dialogue between Shakespeare’s description of ancient politics in Roman plays and modern political theories.Shakespeare introduced the tension of ancient politics by using the allegory of an organic analogy between the body and the polity,foreshadowing the critical skill of modern political theorists in making analogies between the polity and the(patriarchy)family.The family analogy seems designed to legitimize hierarchy,but because of the non-static nature of family relationships,it can also disrupt the hierarchy.In addition,the characters and their thoughts in the Roman plays also foreshadowed the situation in which modern rationalism and equalitarianism broke the hierarchical order.更多还原