【作者】 赵畅；

【导师】 李岩；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 在能源紧张的现代社会,风能作为一种清洁能源迅速占领市场,在近几年的风电市场发展的影响下,直线翼垂直轴风力机得到了广泛关注。然而就当前发展结果来看,直线翼垂直轴风力机自身存在的一些问题,如低风速下不能自身启动和风能利用系数低等问题仍然制约着其发展。该研究在直线翼垂直轴风力机叶片后置辅助小翼的基础上,探究辅助小翼参数的改变对风力机输出功率的影响。以改善直线翼垂直轴风力机风能利用效率低这一问题。本文主要针对辅助小翼的安装角以及厚度这两个参数的变化进行研究,探究其对风力机气动特性的影响,为建立辅助小翼的参数变化体系打下基础。本研究选取了2种NACA-4位数系列对称翼型（NACA0018翼型和NACA0024翼型）作为主叶片,以NACA-4位数系列对称翼型的5种不同厚度的翼型（NACA0012翼型、NACA0018翼型、NACA0022翼型、NACA0024翼型和NACA0026翼型）作为辅助小翼,给出3种安装角（0°、5°和10°）,共计13种工况进行此次研究。本研究主要利用数值模拟技术,分析在低尖速比下,辅助小翼参数的变化对直线翼垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,并进行风洞试验和PIV可视化试验加以辅助验证。本文的主要研究内容如下:（1）探究改变参数的辅助小翼对直线翼垂直轴风力机动态气动特性的影响,通过数值模拟的方法来计算辅助小翼参数改变与否对直线翼垂直轴风力机的输出功率特性和输出转矩特性的影响,选取相对最优的工况进行更进一步的分析,并用风洞试验对最优组加以辅助验证。（2）分析改变参数的辅助小翼对风轮叶片周围流场的影响,并主要分析表现最优的工况在一个旋转周期内的输出功率随方位角的变化情况,并选取部分典型方位角下的状态进行流场分析和速度场分布情况说明。（3）探究改变参数的辅助小翼对直线翼垂直轴风力机静态启动特性的影响,利用数值模拟的方法计算最优工况的风力机在静止状态下,在不同方位角下其启动转矩大小。并对部分特殊方位角下的状态进行流场分析和速度场分布情况说明,并利用PIV试验加以辅助说明。通过对上述研究内容进行分析,得到结论如下:（1）在垂直轴风力机叶片后加装参数变化的辅助小翼,确实达到了改善直线翼垂直轴风力机的气动特性的目的,而且在一定程度上提高了直线翼垂直轴风力机的风能利用系数。（2）在工况A中（主叶片翼形选取NACA0018时）,安装角为0°时,辅助小翼选择NACA0012翼型时,输出功率整体好于加装其他厚度辅助小翼的风力机;安装角为5°和10°时,辅助小翼选择NACA0018翼型时,整体输出功率最好。从计算结果可以看出,在主叶片选取NACA0018翼型时,辅助小翼选取NACA0018翼型,安装角为5°这一工况下,风力机的整体输出效果是要高于其他工况的,即工况A₅的输出功率要高于工况A中的其他工况。（3）在工况B中（主叶片翼型选取NACA0024时）,选择NACA0022翼型作为辅助小翼时,其在低尖速比下的整体功率输出效果最好。总体来说,在辅助小翼厚度上选择较为接近主叶片的,不要过于薄也不要过于厚的是比较有优势的。（4）风洞试验结果与数值模拟结果在大体上保持一致,PIV试验结果与流场分析中的结果基本一致,试验证明这种变参数的辅助小翼对直线翼垂直轴风力机的气动特性的改善是起到积极作用的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the modern society with energy shortage,wind energy,a kind of clean energy,quickly occupied the market.Under the influence of development of wind power market in recent years,the straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine(SB-VAWT)had been widely concerned.However,as far as the current development results were concerned,the development of SB-VAWT was still restricted by some problems,such as the difficulty of self-starting at low wind speed and the low utilization coefficient of wind energy.This research explored the influence of part parameters of auxiliary blade on the output power of SB-VAWT,which was based on the auxiliary blade behind the SB-VAWT.It was expected to improve the wind energy utilization efficiency of SB-VAWT,which was under the premise of avoiding the complicated structure of wind turbine.In this study,the influence of the variation of the fixing angle and thickness of the auxiliary blade on the aerodynamic characteristics of SB-VAWT was studied,and it also built the foundation for the establishment of the parameters variation system of the auxiliary blade.In this study,2 types NACA-4 digital series symmetrical airfoils(NACA0018 airfoil and NACA0024 airfoil)were selected as the main blades,and 5 types NACA-4 digital series symmetrical airfoils with different thickness(NACA0012 airfoil,NACA0018 airfoil,NACA0022 airfoil,NACA0024 airfoil and NACA0026 airfoil)were selected as the auxiliary blade.And there were 3 kinds of fixing angles(0°,5° and 10°).A total of 13 working conditions were studied in this research.The numerical simulation method was used to analyze the effect of the parameters variation of auxiliary blade on the aerodynamic characteristics of SB-VAWT at low tip speed ratio.And wind tunnel test and PIV visualization test were carried out to verify the results.The main contents of this study are shown as follows:(1)The influence of the parameters variation of the auxiliary blade on dynamic aerodynamic characteristics of SB-VAWT was investigated,the numerical simulation method was used to calculate the influence of the parameters variation of the auxiliary on the output power characteristics and output torque characteristics of SB-VAWT.And the relatively optimal working conditions were selected for further analysis.And the wind tunnel tests were carried out to verify the calculations.(2)The influence of the auxiliary blade with different parameters on the flow field around the blades was analyzed.The working condition with the best performance in one rotating period was analyzed.The variation of the output power of the best working condition at the different azimuths in one rotating period was calculated.And the computational flow fields and the velocity distribution of the typical azimuth were analyzed.(3)The influence of the auxiliary blade with different parameters on the static starting characteristics of SB-VAWT.The variation of the starting torque of the optimal working condition at different azimuths in one rotating period was calculated by numerical simulation method.And the computational flow fields and the velocity distribution of the typical azimuth were analyzed.The PIV visualization test was conducted to verify the calculations.Through the analysis of the research contents,the conclusions are shown as below:(1)The auxiliary blade with variable parameters improved the aerodynamic characteristics of SB-VAWT.And it also improved the wind energy utilization coefficient of SB-VAWT to a certain extent.(2)In working condition A whose main blade airfoil is the NACA0018 airfoil,when the fixing angle is 0° and the auxiliary blade is NACA0012 airfoil,the output power is better than the working conditions with other thickness auxiliary blades.When the fixing angle is 5° and 10°,the overall output power of the auxiliary blade chosen NACA0018 airfoil which is medium thickness is best than the other working conditions.It can be seen from the calculation results that the overall output power of this working condition when the NACA0018 airfoil is the auxiliary blade and the fixing angle of auxiliary blade is 5° is higher than that of other working conditions in working condition A.It means that the output power of working condition A5 is the best in working condition A.(3)In working condition B whose main blade is the NACA0024 airfoil,the overall output power is the best at the low tip speed ratio when the NACA0022 airfoil is chosen as the auxiliary blade.It means that it is more advantageous that the thickness of auxiliary blade is close to than that of the main blade,not too thin or too thick.(4)The results of wind tunnel test are generally consistent with the results of numerical simulation.And the results of PIV test are basically consistent with the results of the flow field analysis The results of the tests prove that the auxiliary blade with variable parameters plays a positive role in improving the aerodynamic characteristics of SB-VAWTs.更多还原