【作者】 张旭；

【导师】 王立舒； 李伟东；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 光伏发电技术是太阳能利用领域的一个里程碑,如何将光伏发电技术应用到人们的日常生产生活中,进而形成一个规范高效的光伏产业是极为重要的。对我国来说能源的消耗日益剧增,寻找一种绿色清洁的能源替代化石燃料迫在眉睫。我国是一个农业大国,随着设施农业的不断发展,温室对我国农业的发展愈发重要,而光伏温室不光具有传统温室特性还可以自身产生电能来对温室内部设备供电使得其效益大大增加,现在已经成为了农业现代化的重要标志。而在我国现有的温室中,连栋温室是性价比最高的一种温室,它在传统单栋温室的基础上进行科学合理的改进,实现了节约空间、方便管理等功能,这些功能使其具有极为广阔的发展前景。只不过我国的光伏温室对市电具有较强的依赖,因为常规的温室光伏发电系统发电量有限,往往满足不了温室内部设备的需求,还需要接入市电才能保障设备正常运行。不仅如此,现阶段的温室内部的环境监测方法多采用现场测量法,无法科学的掌握温室内部的环境变化,从而使得温室产量偏低。基于此本文结合光伏发电技术与无线监测技术设计了一种应用于连栋温室的环境监测装置,为温室的生产提供保障。本文在分析光伏发电技术特点以及温室特性的基础上,对传统的光伏温室发电系统进行了改进。为提高光伏发电系统单位时间内的发电量,在光伏发电系统中加入了漫反射器,设计了适用于连栋温室的增强型太阳能发电装置,使光伏电池板接受更多的太阳辐射,从而提高发电量,又对光伏电池部分进行了工作原理的分析,并对此建立了数学仿真模型,同时采用光伏电池板与蓄电池组合供电模式,摆脱了温室内部用电设备对市电的依赖。本文通过对温室特性的分析,科学合理的对光伏组件在温室屋顶的安装方式进行了设计,在充分利用温室屋顶空间,达到太阳能最大利用的同时,又减少了因屋顶上安装光伏组件而造成的温室内部植物的遮阴现象。本文设计了充电控制电路以及稳压输出电路,防止极端天气的出现而破坏蓄电池,并使蓄电池得以稳定的输出电能。本文分析了国内外温室技术的研究情况,设计了以ZigBee技术为核心的温室监测系统,下位机采用Arduino Mega2560作为核心控制器,对温度、湿度、光照、粉尘浓度进行采集,然后利用ZigBee技术组建网络,通过ZigBee网络经终端节点和协调器节点,将数据上传至采用LabVIEW设计的上位机软件达到实时监测的目的。并将系统在温室环境下进行了全面的测试,验证了系统能够实现预期的工作目标并且稳定运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Photovoltaic technology is a milestone in the field of solar energy utilization,how to apply photovoltaic technology to peopleundefineds daily production and life,and then to form a standardized and efficient photovoltaic industry is extremely important.For our country,the consumption of energy is increasing day by day,so it is urgent to find a green and clean energy to replace fossil fuel.China is a big agricultural country.With the continuous development of facility agriculture,greenhouse is becoming more and more important to the development of agriculture in our country.Photovoltaic greenhouse not only has the characteristics of traditional greenhouse,but also can generate electric energy to power the internal equipment of greenhouse.It has become an important symbol of agricultural modernization.Among the existing greenhouses in our country,the multi-span greenhouse is one of the most cost-effective greenhouses.It makes scientific and reasonable improvement on the basis of the traditional single-span greenhouse,and realizes the functions of saving space and convenient management,and so on.These functions make it have a very broad prospect of development.However,the photovoltaic greenhouse of our country has a strong dependence on the market electricity,because the conventional greenhouse photovoltaic power generation system has limited power generation,often can not meet the needs of the greenhouse internal equipment,but also need to connect to the market to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.At present,most of the environmental monitoring methods in the greenhouse adopt on-the-spot measurement method,which can not scientifically grasp the environmental changes in the greenhouse,so that the greenhouse output is low.Based on this,a kind of environmental monitoring device applied to multi-span greenhouse is designed in this paper,which is based on photovoltaic power generation technology and wireless monitoring technology,so as to provide guarantee for the production of greenhouse.Based on the analysis of the technical characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and greenhouse characteristics,the traditional photovoltaic greenhouse power generation system has been improved.In order to increase the power generation per unit time of the photovoltaic power generation system,a diffuse reflector is added to the photovoltaic power generation system,and an enhanced solar power generation device suitable for the multi-span greenhouse is designed to make the photovoltaic panels receive more solar radiation.In order to improve the power generation,the working principle of the photovoltaic cell is analyzed,and the mathematical simulation model is established.At the same time,the power supply mode of the photovoltaic panel and the battery is adopted.Get rid of the greenhouse internal electricity equipment to rely on the city electricity.Based on the analysis of greenhouse characteristics,this paper designs the installation modeof photovoltaic module in greenhouse roof scientifically and rationally,and makes full use of greenhouse roof space to achieve the maximum use of solar energy at the same time.It also reduces the shading of greenhouse plants caused by the installation of photovoltaic modules on the roof.In this paper,a charging control circuit and a voltage-stabilized output circuit are designed to prevent the occurrence of extreme weather and destroy the battery,and the utilization rate of the output energy of the battery is improved effectively.In this paper,the research situation of greenhouse technology at home and abroad is analyzed,and the greenhouse monitoring system based on Zig Bee technology is designed.The lower computer uses Arduino Mega2560 as the core controller to collect temperature,humidity,light and dust concentration.Then the Zig Bee technology is used to set up the network,and the data is uploaded to the upper computer software designed by Lab VIEW through the terminal node and coordinator node through the Zig Bee network to achieve the purpose of realtime monitoring.Through a comprehensive test of the system in the greenhouse environment,it is verified that the system can achieve the desired work objectives and run stably.更多还原