【作者】 杨磊；

【导师】 杨海晨；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 体育教学（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【副题名】一个专业乒乓球运动员群体的自我民族志

【摘要】 中国的专业运动员是在举国体制的培养下成长起来的,然而在这个体制里面,社会大众长期对运动员有一种头脑简单、四肢发达、缺少主体性的“刻板印象”。目前,一些学者主要运用参与式观察和口述史相结合的研究方法对竞技体育、甚至民间体育中“运动员个体与国家的关系”进行了一些讨论。有些人认为运动员是被征用的个体,是一种“国家理性工具”的存在;还有些人认为运动员是因为误识与国家合谋的个体。可以看出,前人的研究基本否定了运动员个体“主体性”的存在,即使有,也认为是在“误识与合谋”下被动建构起来的。但是笔者发现,这些都是前人在客位视角研究进行的阐释。本研究通过笔者本身就是一名乒乓球专业运动员,用自己的主位视角,采用人类学自我民族志(Auto-ethnography)的研究范式,以自己以及自己身边的群体为研究对象,从我们开始接触乒乓球到选择走上专业乒乓球运动员道路,进入国家队到退役下来选择出国打球,然后再回国就业等一系列的生命历程和相关事件来看运动员与国家的关系。通过对自己这个群体进行的主位研究,深化了客位研究的视角,即在此个案中,我们推进了对运动员个体与国家关系的认识,避免了前人客位化、标签化、简约化的阐释,从运动员生命历程中揭示了运动员“主体性”是如何逐渐形成的动态过程。其学术认识路径是“被征用→误识与合谋→相互征用”。这一认识路径放在同一运动员群体的不同生命历程阶段,也同样具有解释效度。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s professional athletes are growing up under the whole nation system,in this system,however,the public long-term for athletes with a mind simple,developed limbs the lack of subjectivity"stereotypes".At present some scholars mainly use participatory observation and oral history research method study the competitive sports,and even in the folk sports athlete individual relations with countries in the some discussion,some people think that athletes are requisitioned individuals,is the existence of a"national rational tool";Others believe that athletes are misrepresented by individuals who conspire with the state.It can be seen that previous studies have largely negated the existence of individual"subjectivity"in athletes,even though they are believed to have been constructed under the"misunderstanding and collusion".However,the author finds that these are the interpretation of the previous studies in the perspective of guest.This study by the author itself is a professional table tennis athlete,with their own emic perspective,using anthropological auto ethnography research paradigm,make themselves and their side groups as the research object,from the beginning contact table tennis to choose go on professional table tennis player path,break into the national team to retirement down and choose to go abroad to play,and then return home country employment and so on a series of life and related events to see athletes and national relationship.Through our own emic perspective research,deepening the etic research perspective,in this case,we promote the understanding of the relationship between the individual and country,to avoid the previous seat,labels,simplification of the interpretation,from the athlete’s life story reveals the athletes"subjectivity"is how the dynamic process of gradually formed.The path of academic cognition is"requisition,misunderstanding and collusion,interact requisition".This knowledge path is in the different life course of the same athlete group,and also has explanatory validity.更多还原