【作者】 王静；

【导师】 钟文芳；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 小学教育（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着新课程改革的不断深入,在一个人的综合素质的发展中,数学语言表达就是其中的一部分。《全日制义务教育数学课程标准》也指出:“数学是一种文化,它的内容、思想、方法和语言是现代文明的重要组成部分”,“动手实践,自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式”。从中我们就可以知道,规范学生的数学语言表达是非常重要的,这既是课程标准的要求,也是在数学的教学中,我们应该完成的任务。而小学阶段,正好是学生的数学语言表达发展的最为重要的阶段。如果在最开始没有进行要求和规范,那么在以后的学习中,学生的数学学习将会遇到更大的困难。思维的表现要借助于语言这个载体,那么数学语言的表达在一定程度上也反映了学生的数学思维。所以在小学阶段,更应该注意规范学生的数学语言表达,要求学生表达要尽可能的准确、简洁、严谨和有逻辑。为了解上海市小学生数学语言表达的现状,笔者主要通过课堂观察法和访谈法记录了小学生的数学语言表达,并在上海的四个区不同学校分别选取150名学生,从数学语言表达的准确性、规范性和简明性的角度,对他们的数学语言表达进行了数据统计与分析。笔者认为,在当前的课堂中,学生的数学语言表达情况并不是令人满意的,不仅男女生之间存在一定差异,而且大多数学生表现出:数学语言表达的结结巴巴、语言前后无逻辑关系、会做题但不会表达、口头禅较多等等的问题。通过访谈了解到,教师对于学生的数学语言表达也是较为重视的,每节课的教学目标制定中,都会涉及到规范学生的数学语言表达,课堂上也是比较关注并予以纠正。但通过实际的课堂观察,就会发现教师的数学语言表达也存在欠缺,话语重复较多,数学语言表达的不清晰等。同时教师在要求学生表达出自己的想法时,规范表达在课堂中明显被弱化,从而规范进行数学语言表达的学生也越来越少。根据访谈结果,笔者也发现,学生的自身原因也有很多。总而言之,影响小学生数学语言表达的因素有很多,笔者分别从学生的角度和教师的角度,对得到的结论进行了一定程度上的原因分析。笔者认为规范学生的数学语言表达,首先,学生的学习环境要尽量的感觉起来舒适,让学生保持心情愉悦的状态;其次,教师在课堂上,要用心呵护每一位学生,为每一位学生提供同等的数学语言表达机会;再次,进行教学设计的时候,合理分配时间,多引导学生进行数学语言表达;最后,教师要仔细聆听每一位学生的数学语言表达,并予以规范。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of the new curriculum reform,in the development of a person’s comprehensive quality,mathematical language expression is part of it." Mathematics Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education" also points out: " Mathematics is a kind of culture,its content,thoughts,methods and language are important components of modern civilization"," Hands-on practice,independent exploration and cooperative communication are important ways for students to learn mathematics".From this we can know that it is very important to standardize students’ mathematical language expression,which is not only the requirement of curriculum standards,but also the task we should complete in mathematics teaching.The primary school stage is the most important stage for the development of students’ mathematical language expression.If there are no requirements and specifications at the beginning,students will encounter greater difficulties in their mathematics learning in the future.The expression of thinking depends on language,so the expression of mathematical language reflects students’ mathematical thinking to a certain extent.Therefore,in the primary school stage,more attention should be paid to standardizing students’ mathematical language expression,requiring students’ expression to be as accurate,concise,rigorous and logical as possible.In order to understand the present situation of mathematical language expression of primary school students in Shanghai,the author mainly recorded the mathematical language expression of primary school students through classroom observation and interviews.150 students were selected from different schools in four districts of Shanghai,and their mathematical language expression was statistically analyzed from the perspectives of accuracy,standardization and conciseness.The author believes that in the current classroom,the students’ expression of mathematical language is not satisfactory.Not only are there some differences between male and female students,but most of the students show the following problems: the stuttering of mathematical language expression,the illogical relationship between the front and back of the language,the problem of being able to do questions but not to express them,and the problem of more colloquial expressions.Through interviews,we know that teachers also pay more attention to students’ mathematical language expression.The formulation of teaching objectives for each class will involve standardizing students’ mathematical language expression,which is also paid more attention and corrected in class.However,through the actual classroom observation,we will find that teachers’ mathematical language expression is also lacking,with more repetition of words and unclear expression of mathematical language.At the same time,when teachers require students to express their own ideas,standardized expression is obviously weakened in the classroom,thus fewer and fewer students are standardized in mathematical language expression.According to the interview results,the author also found that there are many reasons for students themselves.In a word,there are many factors that affect the mathematical language expression of primary school students.The author analyzes the reasons for the conclusion to a certain extent from the perspectives of students and teachers respectively.The author thinks that in order to standardize students’ mathematical language expression,first of all,students’ learning environment should be as comfortable as possible so that students can maintain a happy state of mind;Secondly,teachers should take good care of every student in class and provide every student with the same opportunity to express mathematics language.Thirdly,when designing the teaching,we should allocate the time reasonably and guide the students to express in mathematical language.Finally,teachers should listen carefully to each student’s mathematical language expression and standardize it.更多还原