“空心化”背景下村民自治面临的问题与对策研究

【作者】 张鑫；

【导师】 铁省林；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【副题名】以G镇为例

【摘要】 村民自治是我国基层民主制度的重要组成部分,为我国农村社会的稳定与发展作出了重要贡献。经过30多年的发展,村民自治实践在推进农村基层民主政治的建设方面取得了一系列的成就,促进了农民从真正意义上实现当家作主,保证了广大农民在政治生活中自己管理自己的事务的基本权利,也为他们提供了一个创造美好生活的制度平台。当前,城镇化、工业化、市场化的飞速发展,农村“空心化”现象日渐突出,大量农民从农村流入城市,农村社会不仅面临着人口、人才大量流失、土地抛荒、农业发展受阻、社会服务供给滞后等一系列问题,以人为基础的村民自治也遭遇到巨大的冲击和考验。因此,“空心化”背景下,如何实现村民自治的持续、有效发展,对保障进一步推进农村民主政治的发展尤为重要。全文以农村”空心化”为背景,以G镇为研究单位,以该镇范围内村民自治面临的一系列问题为研究对象,以治理理论为工具,通过实地调研法和文献法等方法收集资料,试图在“空心化”日趋严峻的宏观背景下,阐述村民自治所面临的问题。通过分析,本文认为当前村民自治实践中不同程度地存在着主体弱化、物质基础薄弱、村民自治功能实现不足等一系列的问题,严重影响了村民民主权利的实现和农村政治生态的健康发展。导致村民自治出现上述问题的原因既有村民意识方面的因素,也有制度和现实等深层次的因素。因此,对村民自治问题的破解,主要通过三个维度来进行,其一,从思想认识入手,提高村民参与自治实践的综合素质;其二,从物质保障入手,发展农村经济,夯实村民自治的物质基础;其三,从制度入手,破除城乡二元制度,完善村民自治相关配套制度,奠定法律基础。总之,本文在分析原因的基础上有针对性地提出解决对策,希望为解决我国现阶段村民自治面临的问题提供一些借鉴和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Villagers’ self-governance is an important part of the grass-roots democratic system of China and has made important contributions to the stability and development of rural society.After more than 30 years of development,the practice of villagers’ self-governance has made a series of achievements.It has promoted the building of democracy at the grass-roots level in rural areas,promoted the farmers to be masters of their own affairs in a real sense,and become a basic right and an institutional platform for creating a happy life in the political lives of hundreds of millions of farmers.At present,with the rapid development of urbanization,industrialization and marketization,the hollowing out phenomenon in rural areas,a large number of people migrating from the countryside into the cities,is becoming a growing problem.The rural society is faced with such problems as a huge loss of population and talents,land pastureland,hindered agricultural development,lagging supply of public services.The villagers’ self-governance is also enduring serious strikes.Therefore,under the background of "hollowing out",how to realize the sustainable and effective development of villagers’ self-governance is particularly important to further promote the development of rural democratic politics.The paper is written with the "hollowing out" as the background,the problems of villagers’ self-governance of G town as the research unit,the governance theory as the tool,to set forth the plight faced with the self-governance with the methods of on-the-spot investigation and literature.Through analysis,this paper believes that in the current practice of villagers’ self-governance,there are a series of dilemmas,such as the weakening of the subject,the weak material foundation,and the insufficient realization of villagers’ self-governance function,which seriously affect the realization of villagers’ democratic rights and the healthy development of rural political ecology.The reasons leading to the above predicament of villagers’ self-governance include not only the factors of villagers’ consciousness,but also the deep-rooted factors such as system and reality.Therefore,the solution to the dilemma of villagers’ self-governance is mainly carried out from three dimensions.First,the comprehensive quality of villagers’ participation in the practice of self-governance should be improved from the perspective of ideological awareness.Second,from the material security,the rural economy should be developed to tamp down the material foundation of the villagers’ self-governance;Thirdly,we should break the urban-rural dual system and improve the related supporting system of villagers’ self-governance to lay the legalfoundation.In a word,this paper,based on the reason analysis,puts forward targeted countermeasures,in order to provide some reference for solving the problems existing in the current stage of villagers’ self-governance in China.更多还原