【作者】 胡容；

【导师】 彭燕；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 特殊教育学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 残疾人就业问题是国内外残疾人事业发展的重要议题。我国政府高度重视残疾人事业,在新的历史时期我国从法律政策到民生建设等方面保障着残疾人的就业权利。视力障碍人士也是我国残疾人的一种,因此他们的就业问题同样关系到我国政府的民生建设和社会稳定。本研究主要采用问卷调查法和访谈法。问卷法运用自编的问卷以成都市五个区的50名视力障碍人士作为研究对象,依次从基本信息、就业现状、就业态度、就业满意度和就业支持评价五个方面进行了问卷的发放收集。访谈法也采用自编的访谈提纲,对17位已经就业的视力障碍人士、2名视障人士家长、1名特教老师进行深入访谈。通过对问卷和访谈的整理分析,研究者得到了成都市视力障碍人士的就业情况,以及就业获得的支持情况方面资料。本研究以社会生态系统理论为研究视角分析了视障人士就业的支持系统。通过调查研究发现视障人士的就业现状有以下特征:就业渠道窄、就业形式单一、绝大多数人工作时间长、工资待遇不高、就业的稳定性差、定向行走能力弱,进而影响就业。从获得的支持来看,微观层面视障人士定向行走能力较弱;中观层面,视障人士的家庭发挥着重要的作用,主要在经济情感方面给予支持,学校对于视障学生的职业教育课程单一、缺少有体系的职业生涯规划;宏观层面,社会缺乏无障碍设施或者无障碍设施遭到占用、企业对视障人士就业的接纳度低,国家对于视障人士就业支持政策在不断完善,但是仍然存在对视力障碍人士的就业扶持力度不够,政策不具体、部门协调不一致等问题。最后,研究者在社会生态系统理论的视角下对视障人士的就业问题提出了如下建议主要包括了:微观支持系统层面,视力障碍人士应提高定向行走能力,扩大交友面,积极适应和融入社会;中观支持系统层面,视障人士家长应增强孩子生活自理能力,联合专业人员对孩子进行职业规划,充分挖掘家庭及社区可能的就业资源,特殊教育学校应该尽早进行职业规划,分阶段有重点的进行就业基本素养课程体系建设,加强校企合作;宏观支持系统层面,国家应该出台相应的政策鼓励视障者去报考相应的大学,政府应该加强无障碍设施的建设,把无障碍工作落到实处。更多还原

【Abstract】 The employment of disabled persons is an important issue in thedevelopment of the disabled persons at home and abroad.The Chinese government has always attached great importance to the cause of the disabled,in the new historical period China has ensured the employment rights of the disabled from legal policies to the construction of people’s livelihood.Visually impaired people are also a large group of disabled people in China,so their employment also concerns the livelihood construction and social stability of our government.This study mainly adopts questionnaire survey and interview.Questionnaire method: 50 visually impaired people in five districts of chengdu city were selected as the research objects by self-compiled questionnaire.Questionnaires were distributed and collected successively from five aspects: basic information,employment status,employment attitude,employment satisfaction and employment support evaluation.The interview method also uses the self-compiled interview outline to conduct in-depth interviews with 17 visually impaired persons who have been employed,two visually impaired parents and one special-education teacher.Through the collation and analysis of questionnaires and interviews,the researchers obtained the employment status of people with visual impairment in chengdu,as well as the employment support information.This study analyzes the employment support system for visually impaired people from the perspective of social ecosystem theory.From this paper,we can obtain conclusions below: firstly,the scope of employment for people with vision impaired is narrow and employment form is single.Secondly,most visually impaired people work long hours and they incomes are few.Thirdly,Their poor ability to navigate affects their employment.In terms of the supports they having,from the micro level,People with visual impairment are not very good at directional walking;from the exosystems level,the families of the people with vision impaired play an important role mainly in economic and emotional aspects.The vocational education training for visually impaired students is single and lacks systematic career planning;from the macro level,Social supports are inadequate for persons with visual impairment,mainly due to the lack of barrier-free facilities or occupancy of accessible facilities and low admission of visually impaired persons to employment in social enterprises.State supports for the people with visual impaired are improving,but there are some problems such as lack of employment supports,lack of specificity in policy formulation and inadequate departmental coordination.Finally,under the society ecosystem theory perspective,the researcher gives some suggestions.Mainly consists following contents: From micro support system level,vision impaired people should improve their ability of directional walking and actively integrate into society;From exosystem support level,parents of the visually impaired should enhance their children’s ability to live independently,and work with a professional to plan children’s career;Special education schools should carry out career planning as early as possible and focus on the construction of basic quality courses for employment in stages;From macro support system,the state should introduce corresponding policies to encourage visually impaired people to apply for corresponding universities,and the government should strengthen the construction of barrier-free facilities and implement barrier-free work.更多还原