【作者】 刘辉；

【导师】 王兴华； 高志鹏；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 抽油机是应用最普遍的石油开采机械之一,也是油田耗电大户,其用电量约占油田总用电量的40%。抽油机可分为两类:一类是有杆采油设备,另一类是无杆采油设备。生产中常见的游梁式抽油机、皮带机和地面驱动螺杆泵等属于有杆采油设备;电动潜油离心泵,水力活塞泵等属于无杆采油设备。本文通过介绍、分析有杆采油系统和无杆采油系统的优缺点,提出现有的无杆潜油电泵采油系统所存在的问题,并针对这些问题做了优化。现有的无杆潜油电泵变频驱动时存在谐波,并且驱动电机位于地下深处,谐波经过长线电缆的放大作用,导致电机过电压并且发热,对井下设备有很大的不利影响:机械减速器由于本身的结构特点和使用材料强度不够的原因,其使用寿命也比较短。针对这些问题,文中主要做了以下工作:首先从分析长线三相潜油电缆本身的参数着手。通常情况下是采用将电缆视为电抗组件加到定子绕组电抗中的方法,但因为该方法并没有获取到井下电机的真实电压电流数据而无法实现矢量控制。本文基于三相电缆传输等效电路模型,分析了长线潜油电缆的构造特征和电磁机理,分析了长线电缆寄生的电感电容,并以此建立数学模型,导出了传输矩阵及任意长电缆出口端电量自适应逼近式采集算法,以接近真实的电机电压电流值。其次是将长线三相潜油电缆的数学模型与电机的传输特性相结合,利用Clark和Park变换,进而建立了一种基于转子磁场定向矢量控制的转速开环变频调速控制模型和效率优化控制方法。据此研发的电动潜油螺杆泵变频调速控制系统,经过一年多现场实际运行验证,收到了理想的控制效果。最后根据实际生产的要求和特殊工况,对感应电机进行了电磁设计,并对机械减速器和驱动电源进行了优化。文中给出了电机设计的计算步骤和结果,减速器采用双级并联输出,可以使机械减速器的寿命延长;电源增加一级有源滤波装置,优化电源波形。经过优化和转矩补偿的潜油电动螺杆泵在一年多的实验中效果明显。电机启动运行平稳,电压电流波形明显改善,没有杆管偏磨问题。实验结果也证实了通过分析长线三相电缆的寄生电感电容建立的长线三相电缆数学模型是正确的;通过将长线电缆数学模型嵌入到电机矢量控制,建立的驱动模型也是可行的;结合实际需求和工况设计的电机以及优化后的潜油电动螺杆泵系统,能够满足生产,运行性能优良,节能高效。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pumping unit is one of the most widely used oil-mining machinery,and it is also a large oil-consuming household in the oil field.Its electricity consumption accounts for about 40%of the total electricity consumption of the oil field.Pumping units can be divided into two categories:one is rod-type oil production equipment,and the other is rod-free oil production equipment.The beam pumping unit,the belt conveyor and the ground driven screw pump,which are common in production,belong to the rod-type oil production equipment;the electric submersible centrifugal pump and the hydraulic piston pump belong to the rodless oil recovery equipment.This paper introduces and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the rod-type oil production system and the rod-free oil production system,and proposes the existing problems of the rod-less submersible electric pump production system,and optimizes these problems.The existing rodless submersible electric pump has harmonics when it is driven by variable frequency,and the driving motor is located deep underground.The harmonics are amplified by the long-distance cable,causing the motor to overvoltage and generate heat,which has a great adverse effect on the downhole equipment;The mechanical reducer has a short service life due to its structural characteristics and insufficient strength of the material used.In response to these problems,the main work is as follows:First,consider the parameters of the long-line three-phase submarine cable itself.Usually,the method of adding a cable as a reactive component to the reactance of the stator winding is adopted,but since the method does not obtain the true voltage and current data of the downhole motor,vector control cannot be realized.Based on the equivalent circuit model of three-phase cable transmission,this paper analyzes the structural characteristics and electromagnetic mechanism of long-line submarine cable,analyzes the inductance and capacitance of long-line cable parasitic,and establishes a mathematical model to derive the transmission matrix and the exit end of any long cable.The power adaptive approximation acquisition algorithm is close to the real motor voltage and current values.Secondly,the mathematical model of the long-line three-phase submersible cable is combined with the transmission characteristics of the motor,and Clark and Park transform are used to establish a speed open-loop variable frequency speed control model and efficiency optimization control based on rotor field oriented vector control method.According to the research and development of the electric submersible screw pump frequency conversion speed control system,after more than one year of actual field operation verification,it has received the ideal control effect.Finally,according to the actual production requirements and special working conditions,the induction motor was electromagnetically designed,and the mechanical reducer and drive power were optimized.The calculation steps and results of the motor design are given in the paper.The reducer adopts two-stage parallel output,which can extend the life of the mechanical reducer.The power supply adds an active filter device to optimize the power waveform.The optimized and torque compensated submersible electric screw pump has been effective in more than one year of experiments.The motor starts running smoothly,the voltage and current waveforms are obviously improved,and there is no rod tube eccentric wear problem.The experimental results also confirm that the mathematical model of the long-line three-phase cable established by analyzing the parasitic inductance and capacitance of the long-line three-phase cable is correct;the driving model established by embedding the long-chain cable mathematical model into the motor vector control is also feasible;And the design of the motor and the optimized submersible electric screw pump system can meet the production,excellent running performance,energy saving and high efficiency.更多还原