【作者】 陈卓；

【导师】 付波；

【作者基本信息】 湖北工业大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 非接触激光测径方法大致分为四种直径测量方法:激光多普勒测径法、激光衍射测径法、投影成像测径法、激光扫描测径法,而激光扫描测径方法是现代工业生产在线测量用得较多的一种。激光扫描测径系统主要是以光学几何原理为基础设计的,激光具有较高的稳定性、便捷的测量及高精度的测量特点,与计算机技术结合,可以通过上位机实现智能控制测量数据。激光扫描测径仪具有非接触式、快速、精度高等特性,经常使用在现代工业生产中各种直径材料的在线测量。本课题主要来源于现代工业领域电线、电缆实际生产需要,由于市场需要各种材料直径范围的的广泛性,针对较大直径测量,提出了如何利用小口径的透镜测量大尺寸材料直径的问题。在工业生产中针对大尺寸材料的高速、高精度测量要求,设计出双光路激光扫描测量系统是至关重要的。本文论述了四种直径测量方法,并做了详细介绍和分析,根据这四种测量方法的优点和缺点,选择了最好测量方法:激光扫描测径方法,针对激光扫描测径仪设计与实现做了详细阐述。针对较大直径等相关非透明线材快速实时测量的问题开展研究,设计实现了双光路激光扫描测径系统。该双光路激光扫描系统基于“三标准棒法”,应用3个标准棒相对测量原理,采用数据分组策略方法,降低了环境和偶然误差的影响,以ARM为核心控制器对数据采集并处理,通过TM1638按键显示模块对测量结果校正和实时显示。整个系统设计了硬件系统和软件控制系统,其中硬件系统包括了光学测量系统和硬件电路系统两部分,具体对光学测量系统涉及到的光学器件和硬件电路系统每个电路模块的功能进行详细的论述,论文还针对系统误差进行了专题分析,分析了正八面体扫描转镜形位误差、光学零件安装精度的误差、扫描速度波动误差和环境因素的误差对系统测量精度的影响,并针对产生误差原因给出了相应的减小误差影响的解决方法。最后对20.000mm~30.000mm直径范围中的21.000mm、24.000mm、26.000mm、29.500mm四个标准件进行重复性和稳定性测试。实验结果表明该双光路激光扫描测径仪测量范围为20.000mm~30.000mm,最大示值误差小于5μm,测量精度达为0.001mm。该实验结果验证了双光路激光扫描测径仪能满足设计要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The non-contact laser diameter measurement method is roughly divided into four measuring methods: laser Doppler diameter measurement,laser diffraction diameter measurement,projection imaging diameter measurement,laser scanning diameter measurement,and laser scanning diameter measurement method is one of the modern industrial production on-line measurement.The laser scanning diameter measuring system is mainly based on the principle of optical geometry.The laser has high stability,convenient measurement and high precision measurement.It is combined with the computer technology and can realize the intelligent control measurement data through the upper computer.Laser scanning caliper has the characteristics of non-contact,fast and high accuracy.It is often used in on-line measurement of various diameter materials in modern industrial production.This topic mainly comes from the actual production needs of electric wires and cables in modern industry.Because the market needs the wide range of the diameter of various materials,the problem of how to measure the diameter of large size materials by small caliber lens is proposed for the measurement of large diameter.In the process of industrial production,it is very important to design double laser scanning and measuring system for large and high-speed materials.In this paper,four measuring methods of diameter are discussed and analyzed in detail.According to the advantages and disadvantages of these four methods,the best measurement method is selected: the method of laser scanning diameter measurement,and the design and Realization of the laser scanning diameter measuring instrument are described in detail.Aiming at the problem of fast real-time measurement of large diameter and other related non transparent wires,a dual optical path laser scanning diameter measuring system is designed and implemented.Based on the "three standard bar method",the dual beam laser scanning system uses 3 standard bar relative measurement principles and uses data grouping strategy to reduce the influence of environment and accidental error.ARM is used as the core controller to collect and process data,and the measurement results are corrected and displayed in real time through the TM1638 key display module.The whole system has designed the hardware system and the software control system.The hardware system includes two parts of the optical measurement system and the hardware circuit system.The function of the optical device and the hardware circuit system involved in the optical measurement system is discussed in detail.The system error is also specially designed for the system error.This paper analyzes the influence of the error of the rotating mirror shape error,the error of the installation precision of the optical parts,the fluctuation error of the scanning speed and the error of the environmental factors on the measurement accuracy of the positive eight sides,and gives the corresponding solutions to reduce the error effect in the cause of the error.Finally,the repeatability and stability of four standard parts 21.000 mm,24.000 mm,26.000 mm and 29.500 mm in the 20.000 mm ~ 30.000 mm diameter range are tested.The experimental results show that the measurement range of Dual-path Laser Scanning Caliper System is 20.000 mm to 30.000 mm,the maximum indication error is less than 5 m,and the measurement accuracy is 0.001 mm.The experimental results verify that the dual beam laser scanning caliper can meet the design requirements.更多还原