【作者】 张永；

【导师】 刘冬梅；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 微生物学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着生猪养殖的规模化发展,猪舍粪污的大量集中排放对环境生态和人体健康是严重的潜在威胁。在规模化养猪场中,生猪的转栏和出栏使猪舍储粪池水泡粪的存储与排放具有周期性,而季节性用水量的差异还导致了水泡粪总固体物（TS）含量的显著变化。因此,研究水泡粪存储周期内的温室气体排放特征及其对后续甲烷发酵效能的影响,对于温室气体减排和甲烷发酵效能提高具有重要意义。本文以减少温室气体排放和提高能源转化率为目标,对比研究了存储时间和TS对水泡粪厌氧发酵过程的影响,确定了适宜的水泡粪存储排放周期,以及适宜甲烷发酵的TS浓度,可为猪舍的管理以及水泡粪厌氧发酵工程的设计和运行提供指导。模拟猪舍水泡粪工艺,通过静态发酵试验,研究了存储时间和TS对水泡粪存储过程中的主要污染物转化和温室气体排放特征。结果表明:在水泡粪存储过程中,有机物的降解主要发生在前14 d,SCOD、TP、NH₄⁺-N和VFAs浓度随时间增加而不断升高并达到峰值,此后基本保持相对稳定;随着水泡粪TS的增加,SCOD、TP、NH₄⁺-N和VFAs的产生量随之大幅上升;水泡粪存储时间的长短对CH4和CO2排放的影响比TS更为显著,且CO2排放通量远远大于CH4排放通量,存储时间越长,CO2和CH4的排放量越大;随着TS的增加,CO2的排放通量越大,而CH4的排放通量则呈现下降趋势。较长的存储时间和较低的TS更有利于水泡粪的甲烷发酵和污染物去除,而存储时间的影响要显著大于TS的影响。对于存储时间为28 d、TS为3%的水泡粪,其累积甲烷产量和比产甲烷速率分别可达3.02 L/L和0.13 L/L/d,溶解性COD和挥发性固体物的去除率分别达到63%和55%。对于存储时间为14 d的水泡粪,由挥发性脂肪酸积累导致的较低p H,会严重抑制产氢产乙酸菌群和产甲烷菌群的生长代谢,是限制其甲烷发酵性能的主要因素。存储时间的长短会显著影响水泡粪存储阶段的微生物群落结构,但对甲烷发酵阶段的微生物群落结构影响较小。水泡粪的优势菌群为肠道细菌和甲烷短杆菌,存储形成的最终群落的优势菌群为水解发酵菌群和甲烷球形菌,甲烷发酵过程最终形成的群落以产氢产乙酸菌和甲烷丝菌占据优势地位。在存储和甲烷发酵过程中的优势菌属主要有芽孢杆菌属（Clostridium sensu stricto）、依格纳季氏菌属（Ignatzschineria）、乳酸菌属（Lactobacillus）、土孢杆菌属（Terrisporobacter）和丛毛单胞菌属（Comamonas）等,而优势产甲烷菌属为甲烷丝菌属（Methanothrix）、甲烷短杆菌属（Methanobrevibacter）和甲烷球形菌属（Methanosphaera）。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the large-scale development of pig farming,the large-scale concentrated discharge of piggery waste is a serious threat to the environment,ecology and human health.In the large-scale pig farms,the transfer and slaughter of live pigs have periodical storage and discharge of vesicular excrement in the piggery storage tanks,and the seasonal water use difference also leads to the content of vesicular excrement total solids（TS）.Significant changes.Therefore,studying the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions within the vesicular storage cycle and its effect on the subsequent methane fermentation efficiency is of great significance for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the improvement of methane fermentation efficiency.This paper aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy conversion rate.The effects of storage time and TS on the anaerobic fermentation process of blisters are comparatively studied.The appropriate blisters storage and emission cycle and the appropriate concentration of TS for methane fermentation are determined.Provide guidance for the management of pig houses and the design and operation of blisters anaerobic fermentation engineering.Simulation of pig manure vesiculation process,static fermentation test,storage time and TS in the vesicular excrement storage process,the main pollutant conversion and greenhouse gas emissions characteristics.The results showed that during the storage of vesicular excrement,the degradation of organic matter mainly occurred in the first 14 days.The concentration of SCOD,TP,NH₄⁺-N and VFAs increased with time and reached a peak value,and remained relatively stable afterwards;with blisters With the increase of manure TS,the production of SCOD,TP,NH₄⁺-N,and VFAs increased significantly.The length of the blisters storage time affected CH4 and CO2 emissions more than TS,and the CO2 emission flux was much greater than CH4.The longer the emission flux,the longer the storage time,the greater the emission of CO2 and CH4.With the increase of TS,the emission flux of CO2 is greater,and the emission flux of CH4 is showing a downward trend.Longer storage time and lower TS are more conducive to methane fermentation and contaminant removal of blisters,and the effect of storage time is significantly greater than that of TS.For blisters with storage time of 28 d and TS of 3%,the cumulative methane production and specific methane production rates were up to 3.02 L/L and 0.13 L/L/d,respectively,and the removal rates of dissolved COD and volatile solids were respectively Reached 63% and 55% respectively.For blisters with a storage time of 14 days,the lower p H caused by the accumulation of volatile fatty acids severely inhibited the growth and metabolism of acetogenic bacteria and methanogens,which were the main factors limiting the performance of methane fermentation.The length of the storage time will significantly affect the microbial community structure in the storage stage of blisters,but it has little effect on the microbial community structure in the stage of methane fermentation.The predominant flora of vesicular excrement is intestinal bacteria and Brevibacterium methane.The predominant microflora in the final communities formed during storage are the hydrolytic fermentation flora and the Methanosphaeroides.The resulting communities formed during the methane fermentation process produce acetogens and methane filaments for hydrogen production.Bacteria occupy a dominant position.The predominant species in storage and methane fermentation are mainly Clostridium sensu stricto,Ignatzschineria,Lactobacillus,Terrisporobacter,and clumps.Comanonas et al.,and the dominant methanogens are Methanothrix,Methanobrevibacter,and Methanosphaera.更多还原