【作者】 刘欣；

【导师】 唐海江；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 新闻学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 曾被国人视作“奇技淫巧”的摄影术,到二十世纪二三十年代“与报纸杂志之关系成为手足”,新闻摄影成为中国新闻经验场域根深蒂固的观念。本文便旨在厘清“新闻摄影如何在中国成为一种常规”。本文研究时间为1884—1937年,原因是1884年“近代新闻画报鼻祖”《点石斋画报》创刊,1937年抗日战争致使新闻事业出现断层。研究方法主要为史料实证,重点收集该时期中国报人的言论、实践一手资料并进行分析。研究发现,摄影术作为一种机械复制方式,首先凭借其技术特性,在新闻传播实践中发挥出强大作用,进而得到中国报人观念上的认可,建立起实践与认知一体化的合法地位。本文进一步描绘了新闻摄影常规化的发展历程:晚清石印新闻画报热潮,令中国自古有之的图像叙事功能历经曲折再受重视,报人得以接纳“图”的心理基础去接纳摄影术所诞生的“像”;同时,肖像摄影向纪实摄影的功能拓展,让照片传递时事成为可能,受限于印刷技术,报人一面将照片作为新闻画临摹对象,一面以裱贴等方式间接登载到文字性报刊,成为画师的“参照”和文字的“补充”;清末民初铜版术传入,革命党人频繁使用照片为舆论推波助澜,新闻摄影作为政治宣传的“工具”和革命斗争的“武器”,帮助规避澄清双方不以事实为基础的攻击而建立起主体地位;二十世纪二三十年代,实践上,报纸摄影附刊和摄影画报风起,专职摄影记者诞生,摄影成为新闻学教育的一部分,理论上,新闻摄影生动直观、现场感强、真实客观等传播优势获赞赏,摄影记者职业价值标准初立,高等教育进一步加强学理探究,新闻摄影站在“知识”和“职业”的高度获得全面认可。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since introduced into China,photography had been considered unorthodox and controversial.However,it established close relationship with newspapers and magazines in the 1920’s and 1930’s.Photojournalism became ingrained in the mind of every newspaperman from then on.How does photojournalism became normalized in Chinese press? This is the core and innovation of the article.This study covered the period from 1884 to 1937 for two reasons.Firstly,Dianshizhai Pictorial,which initiated the pictorial press of the late Qing Dynasty,was founded in 1884.Secondly,Chinese journalism went into trouble when the Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937.This article was composed on the basis of collecting historical materials roundly.The study found that photography first played a grown important role in news transmission with its technical features,then got recognition and credibility from Chinese newspaperman.From there,photojournalism occupied its irreplaceable place both in theory and practice.Thanks to the pictorial press of the late Qing Dynasty,image enjoyed a higher status after twists and turns while Chinese newspaperman got the psychological basis to accept photograph.Meanwhile,documentary photography made it possible for photos to record current events.Though printing technology was limited,modern newspapermen still tried indirect methods to use photos: painters were told to draw from them,some photos were mounted on newspapers and so on.Photography became painters’ reference and complements to written reports.After copperplate was introduced in Late-Qing and Early-Republican China,revolutionaries used photos as the accelerant frequently.Photography became the tool of propaganda and the weapon of revolutionary struggle.By the 1920’s and 1930’s,real progress was made.In practice,a lot of photographic supplements and pictorials were founded,professional photojournalists appeared,photojournalism was thought as a part of journalistic education.In theory,newspapermen accepted photojournalism for its authenticity,sensed presence and understandability.Professional standards for photojournalists were set.Academic research in higher education institutions was strengthened.Photojournalism as a kind of knowledge and profession received full accreditation finally.更多还原