【作者】 张俊；

【导师】 赵章焰；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 机械工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 有限元理论已广泛应用于工程实践之中,不但提高了结构分析的精度,节省结构设计的时间,提高设计效率,而且还可以实现了程序化与参数化设计。本文利用有限元理论将可靠性分析和结构优化设计引入随车起重机设计中,以期望对其结构进行分析并优化,以便更好的指导工程实际。论文查阅了有关随车起重机的资料,分析了国内外对随车起重机的研究现状。针对国内随车起重机结构设计问题,找出了一条对随车起重机进行可靠性分析并优化设计技术路线,用以达到在保证结构可靠性的基础上,提高结构材料性能利用率的目的。论文对结构可靠性理论进行了简要论述,研究了理论原理、可靠性指标及蒙特卡洛计算方法;对优化设计数学模型及优化算法进行了论述并介绍了优化算法的几个关键技术。本文以某公司设计的SCQ600ZB4折臂式随车起重机为分析对象,对其建立了相关有限元模型。在此基础上,对原始设计进行了校核,发现原始设计所存在的材料性能未能充分利用的问题,由此引出了在保证结构可靠性的基础上,对其进行优化设计,以达到提高结构材料性能利用率的目的。在对结构进行优化设计前,为了找到对设计结果有较大影响的的变量,本文引入了可靠性分析,提出了利用随机有限元的蒙特卡洛法来计算结构可靠度。通过ANSYS概率设计模块对吊臂金属结构系统做了可靠性分析后,利用其中可靠性敏感度计算找到了影响结构可靠度的关键变量。以可靠性分析结论为基础,选取相关变量,根据优化设计理论,构建了优化目标函数、状态变量,采用一阶优化算法对吊臂结构进行了优化,在保证结构可靠度的情况下,降低了吊臂自重,合理分布了构件应力,提高了材料利用率。针对随车起重机结构优化设计流程,本文利用Visual Basic 6.0及二次开发工具APDL语言编制了随车起重机结构参数化分析程序,将结构有限元校核、可靠性分析及优化设计等功能模块化,并介绍了软件各功能模块的使用方法,以利于工程技术人员使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Finite element theory has been widely used in engineering practice,it can not only improve the accuracy of structural analysis,but also can save the time of structural design and increase design efficiency.It can also to achieve the procedural and parametric design.In this paper,We will use the theory of finite element structural optimization and reliability analysis into the lorry crane design,desired to get the result of the analyze and optimize,to guide the engineering practice.Checking the paper about loader cranes,we get the research status about China and abroad lorry crane truck,find a technology roadmap for reliability analysis and design optimization to achieve the purpose of improving the performance of structural materials utilization.structural reliability theory and Monte Carlo calculation of reliability methods was briefly discussed in this thesis,it also introduces its theoretical principles.In addition,mathematical model for optimization and optimization algorithms are discussed.Taking the SCQ600ZB4 crane lorry as the object of the analysis,we establish its finite element model.On this basis,the original design was checked and found the material underutilized in the original design,raised the need to optimize the design,which leads to the problem to ensure the reliability of the infrastructure,in order to improve structural materials utilization.In order to study the influence on the result of the variables,we introduces the reliability analysis and Monte Carlo method to calculate structural reliability.By use the ANSYS Probability Design module,the sensitivity of the calculation can get the key variables that affect the structural reliability.According to the Reliability result,the relevant variables and optimization objective function was constructed.The first order optimization algorithm boom structure has been optimized to achieve the purpose of improving material utilization,reduce the weight of the boom and equitable distribution of the stress member at the same time.We use VB and APDL language compiled program to help lorry crane analysis which obtain the finite element checking,reliability analysis and optimization functional module,to facilitate the engineering and technical personnel.更多还原