【作者】 王松；

【导师】 卢晓红；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 自动换刀装置(Automatic Tool Changer,ATC)是加工中心的重要功能部件,通过与刀库配合,辅助加工中心完成多工序的加工任务。在换刀过程中,其传动机构根据设计要求,完成多次启停运动,因此成为加工中心的故障多发部件。目前,常用的机械凸轮式ATC,与液压式ATC相比,换刀时间更短,传动机构更复杂,亟须对其运动运动特性进行深入探究。本文以机械复合凸轮式ATC运动特性为研究对象,主要完成了以下几方面内容:首先,分析了ATC的工作原理和机构组成,基于此设计了换刀周期的运动循环,并绘制直角坐标式运动循环图,通过运动参数无因次化等方法研究了凸轮及其从动机构运动规律,优化了运动循环,获得了装置运行轨迹的理论曲线。其次,对装置的核心驱动件复合凸轮,尤其是弧面分度凸轮,进行了定性的分析,确定了其弧面及沟槽凸轮的类型,建立了复合凸轮的轮廓曲线方程;并结合凸轮的几何运动参数和前期的研究内容,利用pro/E完成了复合凸轮的参数化建模,进而完成了复合凸轮ATC整机建模。最后,基于Adams平台完成了ATC虚拟样机的搭建。通过经验和解析两种方法,详细分析了虚拟样机的接触碰撞;为保证动力学仿真的准确性,通过软件的机械模块,设计并引入链传动系统,完善了虚拟样机;完成ATC虚拟样机仿真,输出位移、速度、加速等运动特性曲线,并与研究初期的理论运动特性曲线和课题组前期实验检测的运动轨迹曲线、加速度曲线进行综合分析对比,验证了仿真结果的准确性。研究成果为加工中心ATC的改进设计提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The automatic tool changer(ATC)is one of the most important functional parts in machining center,that cooperates with the tool magazine to assist the machining center to complete multiprocess tasks.During tool changing,the transmission mechanism of ATC needs to execute multiple start-stop movements according to the design requirements,and thus ATC becomes a multiple-fault component of the machining center.Compared with the hydraulic(gas-liquid)type ATC,the commonly used mechanical cam type one has a shorter change time but a more complicated transmission mechanism,and its motion characteristic is worth further exploring.In this paper,the motion characteristic of mechanical compound cam type ATC is taken as the research object.The main research contents are as follows:Firstly,the operation principle and mechanism constitution of the automatic tool changer are analyzed.On this basis,the motion cycle of the tool changing period is designed,and the cartesian coordinate motion cycle diagram is drawn.The motion law of cam and its followers are studied by dimensionless motion parameters to optimize the motion cycle,and the theoretical displacement curve of the device is obtained.Secondly,a qualitative analysis is performed on the compound cam,which is the core drive part of the device,especially the globoidal indexing cam,and the cam type is determined.On this basis,the contour curve equations of the compound cam are established.Combined with the geometric motion parameters of the cam and the previous research contents,the parametric modeling of the composite cam is completed by pro/E,and then the whole machine modeling of the composite cam ATC is completed.Finally,based on the Adams platform,the virtual prototype of the automatic tool changer is completed.Through the empirical and analytical methods,the contact collisions of the virtual prototype are analyzed in detail.In order to ensure the accuracy of the motion simulation,the chain transmission system is designed and introduced to improve virtual prototype by using the mechanical module of Adams.The virtual prototype simulation of ATC is achieved,and the motion characteristic curves of displacement,speed,acceleration are outputted.The simulation results,compared with the theoretical motion characteristic curves above,and the experimental detection curves by research group,are proved to be accurate.The research results provide reference for the revised design of ATC in machining centers.更多还原