【作者】 孙博；

【导师】 杨姝；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 车辆工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着汽车保有量的持续快速增加,交通事故呈现高发态势,造成大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。小偏置碰撞主要发生在会车,汽车撞击路边树木和电线杆等情形,由于汽车与障碍物重叠率低,小偏置碰撞对乘员安全构成严重威胁。据相关数据显示,小偏置碰撞事故约占正面碰撞事故的四分之一,是引起乘员重伤和死亡的主要碰撞形式。因此对小偏置碰撞进行研究,提高汽车在小偏置碰撞下的安全性具有非常重要的现实意义。本文基于某款车,根据美国公路安全保险协会(IIHS)公布的小偏置碰撞试验规范,采用有限元仿真的方法,对该车型进行小偏置碰撞工况下仿真研究,仿真结果显示,在小偏置碰撞时,汽车非碰撞侧结构完整,没有发生明显变形。汽车碰撞侧的防撞梁、吸能盒、前纵梁等主要的吸能部件变形较小,大部分的碰撞能量传递到乘员舱,前围板、A柱、铰链柱、门槛梁等结构变形严重,对乘员安全构成严重威胁,研究发现目前该车身结构布置形式不能满足小偏置碰撞工况下的乘员保护要求。鉴于此,本文基于小偏置碰撞仿真分析结果,将混合元胞自动机方法应用于小偏置碰撞车身结构拓扑优化设计中,考虑车身结构布置形式及零部件安装位置等影响因素建立车身拓扑优化模型,进行小偏置碰撞工况下车身拓扑优化设计,得到车身最优拓扑结构,为小偏置碰撞工况下车身结构设计提供指导。本文综合正面100%碰撞、40%偏置碰撞、小偏置碰撞三种碰撞工况,分别赋予该三种工况1:1:1和1:4:4两种权重分配方案,对车身进行碰撞拓扑优化研究,在车身概念设计阶段,得到满足正面多种碰撞工况要求的车身结构优选方案,提高汽车碰撞安全性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous and rapid increase of vehicle ownership,there shows a trend of high incidence of traffic accidents,resulting in a large number of casualties and property losses.Small overlap impact occur mainly in the scenario,such as meeting car,the car hit the roadside tree and the wire rod,and so on.Because of the low overlap rate between car and the obstacle,the small overlap impact poses a serious threat to the safety of the occupant.According to the relevant data,the small overlap impact accounts for 1/4 of the frontal crash.which is the main form of collision that leads to serious injuries and deaths.Therefore,the research of small overlap impact is of great practical significance to improve the safety of vehicle under small overlap impact.This article uses a vehicle,based on the small overlap impact test specification published by the American Highway Safety Insurance Association(IIHS),the finite element method is used to simulate the model under the small bias collision condition.The simulation results show that the car’s non collision side structure is complete and obvious deformation does not occur during the small overlap impact.The main energy absorption components,such as collision avoidance beam,energy absorption box and front longitudinal beam,are less deformed.Most of the collision energy is transferred to the crew module.The structure of the front pads,A columns,hinges and sill beams is seriously deformed,which poses a serious threat to the safety of the occupants.The study finds that the body structure layout can not meet the small deviation.Occupant protection requirements under crash conditions of small overlap impact.In view of this,based on the results of small overlap impact simulation,the hybrid cellular automaton method is applied to the topology optimization of small bias collision body structure.The body topology optimization model is established by considering the layout of body structure and the location of parts installation position,and the body topology optimization is carried out under the small overlap impact condition.The optimal topology of vehicle body is obtained through the design,which provides guidance for vehicle body structure design under small overlap impact conditions.In this paper,three kinds of crash conditions are integrated with 100% collision,40% bias crash and small overlap impact.Two weight allocation schemes of the three working conditions,1:1:1 and 1:4:4,are given respectively.The crash topology optimization of the body is studied.In the conceptual design stage of the body,the optimization scheme of body structure is obtained to meet the requirements of various crash conditions.So as to enhance car crash safety.更多还原