【作者】 刘艳；

【导师】 韩广才； 王孟军；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 当液流内局部压力低于相应温度下该液体的饱和蒸气压强时,会出现空化现象。空化泡溃灭会产生巨大的冲击力,释放出很高的能量。将空化引入水射流技术可以显著提高射流的冲击力,增强其清洗、破碎等能力。目前,对于空化水射流技术的研究日渐增加,它作为一种新型水射流,拥有工作压力低、射流冲击压力强、环保节能等优点,具有十分广阔的应用前景。但目前对空化水射流的研究还有许多欠缺,射流喷嘴的具体结构参数也有待进一步的优化。本论文在对空化水射流相关技术了解的基础上,首先完成了一整套应用空化射流清洗技术的系统设计,该系统包含高压装置、供水系统、空化喷嘴与试验台架4个部分。接着以优化喷嘴结构为目标,通过改变角形喷嘴与收缩管形喷嘴几何参量与工作环境参量,利用ICEM CFD软件划分网格,运用Mixture模型与RNG k-ε模型,设置初始参数与边界条件,利用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟计算。分析计算得到的相关数据、云图与曲线,得出结论发现:当出口扩散角为30°、入口收缩角为13.5°、直径为1.6mm时,角形喷嘴具有最佳空化效果;当喷嘴入口压力增大,喷嘴空化效果明显变好;当工作水深在0米至10米范围内增加时,喷嘴空化效果在一定程度上变差;相同工况下,角形喷嘴的空化效果要优于收缩管形喷嘴。最后,用结构优化后的喷嘴搭建空化水射流实验平台,进行铝板、锈板和沥青板的清洗实验,初步检验清洗效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cavitation occurs when the local pressure in the liquid flow is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at the corresponding temperature.Cavitation bubble breaking will produce a great impact,release of high energy.Introducing cavitation into water jet technology can significantly improve the impact force of jet flow and enhance its ability of cleaning and crushing.At present,the growing on the study of cavitating water jet technology,it as a new type of water jet,have low working pressure,jet impact pressure is strong,environmental protection and energy saving advantages,has the very broad application prospects.However,there are many deficiencies in the research of cavitation water jet,and the specific structural parameters of jet nozzle need to be further optimized.This thesis on the understanding of cavitating water jet technology on the basis of the first completed a set of cavitation jet cleaning technology application system design,the system contains high pressure device,water supply system,cavitation nozzle and test-bed is four parts.And then to optimize the nozzle structure parameters as the goal,by changing the Angle nozzle and shrinkage tube nozzle geometric parameters and the working environment parameters,using ICEM mesh with CFD software,using the Mixture model and the RNGk-ε model,set the initial parameters and boundary conditions,using the FLUENT software for numerical simulation.Analysis and calculation to get the relevant data,cloud and curve,conclusion is found that When exports spread Angle of 30°,entrance contract Angle is 13.5°,diameter is 1.6 mm,the Angle nozzle has the best effect of cavitation;When the inlet pressure of nozzle increases,the cavitation effect of nozzle is obviously improved.When the working depth is increased from 0 m to 10 m,the cavitation effect of nozzle becomes worse to a certain extent.The cavitation effect of the Angle nozzle is better than that of the contraction nozzle.Finally,the experimental platform of cavitation water jet was built with the optimized structure,and the cleaning experiment of aluminum plate,rust plate and asphalt board was carried out,and the cleaning effect was preliminarily tested.更多还原