节点文献
高一学生化学学习性别差异研究
【作者】 张敏；
【导师】 马宏佳；
【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 课程与教学论（化学）， 2018， 硕士
【摘要】 随着心理学等学科的发展以及研究方法和研究工具的改进,为更好地实现教育公平、发展学生的个性,国内外有关学生学科性别差异的研究越来越深入,本研究以化学学科能力和兴趣态度为观测点,基于Rasch模型,利用问卷调查法、访谈法等多种研究方法探究高一学生化学学习的性别差异。本研究主要做了以下工作:(1)基于已有的测试工具,对高一 600余名男女生的化学学习情况进行问卷调查(测试),从化学学科能力和兴趣态度层面测查学生的化学学习情况,其中化学学科能力又分为科学的解释化学现象(能力A)、设计和评价与化学有关的科学探究(能力B)和科学的理解实验数据和事实(能力C)这三个维度。同时将调查对象按照不同区域、不同类别学校、不同家庭条件、不同学习化学的目的进行分类,利用Winsteps3.72.0、SPSS17.0和Excel软件对问卷结果进行定量分析,得到相关结论。(2)为了对问卷调查结果进行原因分析,分别进行教师访谈和学生访谈,以教师访谈为主,学生访谈为辅。教师访谈为对6名教师进行面对面访谈,利用扎根理论对访谈结果进行分析;学生访谈为对100余名学生进行纸笔访谈,并对访谈结果进行半定量和定性分析。本研究主要得到以下结论:(1)从整体上来看,男女生在对待化学的兴趣态度上不具有显著性差异。而在化学学科能力上,无论是化学学科总能力还是能力A、能力B和能力C,都是男生强于女生,且具有显著性差异。这可能主要是由于男生在思维上具有的优势。(2)从区域和家庭收入高低来看,经济条件的改善有助于女生在能力A上的发展。这可能是因为好的经济条件会给女生提供更好的教育条件,相对女生,男生受经济条件的影响没有那么大。(3)从学校类别来看,相比普通高中,重点高中的女生在能力A上比男生更弱。这可能主要是由于重点高中学生在化学学习上要求更高、受到的压力更大。(4)从学习化学的目的来看,以考取理工科大学为目标的女生与男生学科能力的差异小于以通过学业水平测试为目标的。这说明女生如果明确目标,端正学习化学的态度,则有助于提高其自身化学学科能力。论文还根据相关研究结果提出了若干教学建议,并对研究的不足进行了反思。
【Abstract】 With the development of psychology and other disciplines as well as the development of research techniques and tools,researches about students’ gender differences at home and abroad go deeper in order to develop students’ personality.With chemistry ability,interest and attitude as an observation point,based on the Rasch model,this study explore gender differences of chemical learning in high school by means of questionnaires,interviews and other research methods.The main work of this study is as follows:(1)This study conduct a questionnaire survey to check more than 600 male and female students ’ chemistry learning on chemistry ability,interest and attitude.The ability of chemistry is divided into three dimensions:the ability to scientifically explain chemical phenomena(ability A),the ability to design and evaluate chemical scientific inquiry(ability B)and the ability to scientifically understand the experimental data and facts(ability C).At the same time,the respondents were classified according to different regions,different schools,different family conditions and different purposes of chemical learning.Quantitative analysis of the questionnaire results was made by Winsteps3.72.0,SPSS 17.0 and Excel software,and relevant conclusions were obtained.(2)In order to analyze the reason of questionnaires’ results,teacher interviews and student interviews were conducted respectively,with teacher interviews as the main and student interview as a supplement.The face-to-face interview was conducted on 6 teachers.Grounded theory was applied to analyze the interview results.This study also interviewed more than 100 students on paper and pen interviews,and semi quantitative and qualitative analysis are made to analyze the interview results.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)As a whole,there is no significant difference in the attitude and interest of male and female students in learning chemistry.In the chemistry ability,both the total ability of the chemistry and the ability A,the ability B and the ability C,male students are all stronger than the female students,which shows significant differences.This may be mainly due to the advantages of male students in thinking。(2)From regional and the level of family income,the improvement of economic conditions can help the development of female students on the ability of A.This may be because good economic conditions provide better educational conditions for female students.Compared to female students,male students are less affected by economic conditions.(3)From the school category,compared with the ordinary high school,the female students in the key high school are weaker than the male students in the ability A.This may be mainly due to higher high school students’ higher demand for chemistry and greater stress.(4)From the purpose of learning chemistry,the difference of academic ability between female and male students who take science and Engineering University as target is less than that through academic proficiency test.This shows that is helpful to improve their own chemistry ability if female students determine their goals to take a positive attitude.The paper also puts forward some teaching suggestions according to the relevant research results,and rethinks the shortcomings of the research.