STEM项目课程《环保小卫士》开发与实施的研究

【作者】 王惠；

【导师】 何善亮；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 科学与技术教育（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 STEM起源于美国,是偏理工的跨学科领域的教育,在当今教育领域中备受关注,正在蓬勃发展当中,当前国内也掀起一股STEM热潮。研究聚焦于Project-Based Learning 模式下的 STEM,以独特的视角探究小学阶段个案 STEM 课程的开发与实施,力求为小学阶段STEM项目课程的开发与实施提供经验。基于上述背景,研究试图回答以下问题:(1)对STEM项目课程《环保小卫士》开发与实施的理论思考;(2)小学STEM项目课程《环保小卫士》的开发与实施;(3)开发与实施STEM项目课程《环保小卫士》的经验与教训。针对上述问题,以文献分析、案例分析、个案研究为主要研究方法。分析项目课程、STEM、Project-Based Learning相关文献资料,思考STEM项目课程《环保小卫士》开发与实施的理论基础;分析国内外典型的STEM、项目课程、基于项目的STEM的案例,借鉴优秀案例设计《环保小卫士》的目标、内容、流程;通过对STEM项目课程个案——《环保小卫士》开发与实施的研究,总结开发与实施小学STEM项目课程的经验,为小学STEM项目课程的开发与实施提供参考。首先,在STEM项目课程《环保小卫士》开发与实施的理论思考部分,研究发现项目课程在小学教育领域具有适切性,项目课程在培养学生STEM素养方面具有能提供真实的学习情境、能有效提升问题解决能力、促进高阶思维的发展、提供自主合作探究的机会等优势。其次,在《环保小卫士》的开发部分,将学生的需求、学生发展核心素养、小学科学课程标准的内容作为课程目标的主要来源,利用学习心理学、《环保小卫士》的价值取向筛选课程目标;从具有真实情境、具有跨学科性质、有利于培养高阶思维、具有实用性四个方面选择《环保小卫士》内容,以螺旋式与横向组织相结合的方式组织课程内容。再次,在《环保小卫士》的实施部分,以符合项目课程的一般流程、包含工程设计流程的主要特征、重视给学生提供反馈的机会为原则设计实施的流程,实施《环保小卫士》并通过课堂观察结果和课后学生访谈结果呈现课程实施的效果。最后,总结《环保小卫士》的开发与实施得出以下经验:①将文献研究与探究活动相结合;②采用简易材料实施STEM也具有可行性;③教给学生创新的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 STEM originated in the United ’States and is a polytechnic interdisciplinary education,it has attracted much attention in the field of education and is booming.At present,China also set off a share of STEM boom.The research focuses on STEM in Project-Based Learning mode,explores the development and implementation of STEM case in primary school with a unique perspective,and strives to provide experience for the development and implementation of STEM project curriculum in primary school.Based on the above background,the research attempts to answer the following questions:(1)The thinking on the development and implementation of the STEM project curriculum;(2)Developing and implementing the " Little Environmental Guards ";(3)The experiences and lessons of developing and implementing the " Little Environmental Guards".In view of the above problems,the main research methods are literature analysis method,case analysis method and case study method.Analysis literature of the project curriculum,STEM,Project-Based Learning,consider the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of" Little Environmental Guards";Analysis typical case of STEM,project curriculum and STEM Project-Based Learning,draw lessons from excellent cases to design the target,content and process of" Little Environmental Guards";Through research the implementation and development of STEM project curriculum case" Little Environmental Guards "this paper summarizes the experience of developing and implementing the STEM project curriculum in primary school,and provides reference for the development and implementation of STEM project curriculum in primary school.First of all,in the section of thinking on the theory of developt and implement the STEM project curriculum,the research finds that the project curriculum is appropriate in the field of primary education,in cultivating students’ STEM literacy the project curriculum has the advantages of providing real situation,improving the ability of problem solving,promoting the development of higher-order thinking,and providing opportunities for cooperation and exploration.Secondly,in the section of the development of " Little En’vironmental Guards ",students’ needs,core quality of students’ development and the content of primary school science curriculum standards are the main sources of curriculum objectives,using the psychology of learning and the value orientation of " Little Environmental Guards" to select the curriculum objectives;From the following four aspects:real situation,cross disciplinary nature,high level thinking and practical function,the content of " Little Environmental Guards " is chosen,to organize the content of the course in a way that combines the spiral and the horizontal organization.Third,in the section of implementation of the " Little Environmental Guards",design the implement process in accordance with the general process of the project curriculum,the main features of the engineering design process,and to attach importance to providing the opportunity to students to feedback,implement " Little Environmental Guards" and through the classroom observation results and after-school students interview results show the effect of curriculum implementation.Finally,sum up the development and implementation of " Little Environmental Guards ",and get the following experience:① Combine literature research with inquiry activity;②It is feasible to implement STEM with simple material;③Teach students innovative methods.更多还原