【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 刘宇红；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 预设概念进入语言学领域后不仅很快成了语义学中的重要范畴,而且慢慢成了语用学中的重要范畴。语用预设的概念最早是由RobertStalnaker提出来的。Stalnaker(1974)认为:如果一个命题是说话人在特定语境中的语用前提;这个命题就是说话人本人设想或相信的;它是说话人设想和相信他的说话对象能够清醒认定的。而政治话语的使用无论是对于国内的统治还是国际的外交都至关重要,就国内来说,一个领导人如何将他的治国思想和策略准确无误的传递给民众,又如何让民众来支持和拥护他的政策,这都是需要下一番功夫的。就国际而言,当今的世界在很多方面都逐步走向全球化,走上构建人类命运共同体的道路。综合国内和国际两方面,如何运用政治话语是值得思考和研究的,它对我国的逐步崛起和民族复兴具有非常重要的现实意义和战略意义。本文分别从语义预设、语用预设和预设的触发语三个方面来对习近平在G20峰会的演讲进行分析,然后将语用预设作为切入点,着重研究语用预设在对国内的政治统治和国际上的交流所能起到的作用,如何利用政治话语来拉近与国民的距离,来拉近国与国之间的距离,结合预设理论,具体的分析在不同的情境中使用这样的话语所能达到的政治效果。既丰富了预设理论在政治话语分析方面的应用,更重要的是对如何高效的运用话语来达到自己的政治目的有重要的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the notion of presupposition has entered the field of linguistics,it soon became an important theory both in semantics and pragmatics.The theory of pragmatic presupposition was mentioned by Robert Stalnaker.Stalnaker(1974)thinks,"A speaker presupposes that P as a given moment in a conversation just in case he is disposed to act,in his linguistic behavior,as if he takes the truth of P for granted,and as if he assumes that his audience recognizes that he is doing so".As for political discourse,it is very important no matter for domestic government or international communication.Within our country,a president must try his best not only in delivering his political thoughts and policies to his people but also how to make his people trust him and support him.At international level,as we all know the world is developing toward a direction of globalization and leading a road called community of common destiny for all mankind.Therefore,from the perspectives of national and international,how to use political discourse properly is worthy of thinking and researching.At the same time,it has very important realistic and strategic significance for China’s rise and national rejuvenation.In this thesis,it will analyze the speech of President Xi delivered in G20 Summit in 2016 in Hangzhou from the perspectives of sematic presupposition,pragmatic presupposition and presupposition triggers,then regard pragmatic presupposition as the key point to go through a detailed analysis.This paper intends to study the significance of pragmatic presupposition used in political discourse at national regulation and international communication levels,and how to shorten the gap between people as well as how to narrow the gap among countries.Meanwhile,this thesis will analyze the speech material with the theory of presupposition to discuss the political achievement by using this kind of discourse in different situations.This thesis not only can complement the practical use of presupposition in political discourse analysis,more importantly it can give some valuable implications in how to use language effectively to fulfill personal political purpose.更多还原