【作者】 李洁；

【导师】 周凤华；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 社会保障， 2018， 硕士

【副题名】基于武汉市D、Y社区的调研

【摘要】 我国人口老龄化形势严峻,具有“基数大”、“增速快”、“未富先老”的特点,不仅意味着老年人口的增多,寿命的延长,老年人日益多样化的养老需求对我国的养老服务供给也提出了严峻的挑战。为此,我国积极探索应对人口老龄化的策略,社区居家养老服务模式在养老服务供给方面具有亲缘、地缘等方面的独特优势,弥补了家庭养老与机构养老服务的不足,是积极应对人口老龄化的有效途径。然而,社区居家养老作为一种方兴未艾的新型养老服务方式,在服务供给和保障等方面仍然存在许多的问题,充分发挥社区在养老服务中的作用,认识和解决社区居家养老服务存在的问题是积极应对人口老龄化的应有之意。鉴于此,本文以积极老龄化为研究视角,以“健康、参与、保障”为支柱,在参考大量相关文献的基础上,通过问卷调查和访谈,对武汉市D、Y两社区进行实地调研,总结梳理D、Y社区居家养老服务的现状和对健康、参与等方面的养老需求,并通过D、Y社区的对比,总结D社区有益经验,探讨社区居家养老服务存在的不足之处,主要包括医疗卫生及养老服务供给能力不足、对老年心理健康问题重视程度不够;在参与方面,表现出参与意识与参与行为的不一致,参与类型单一;在保障方面,低龄老年人力资源利用率低,居家养老服务站设施服务形式化、虚置化,缺少专兼结合的社区养老服务队伍等。在此基础上提出完善社区居家养老服务的对策建议。积极老龄化视角下的老年群体不再是被动的服务接受者,更是主动的参与者。充分发挥老年群体的积极作用,就要加强老年教育,转变养老观念和传统的老年人标签;提高老年人的身体素质,加强社区医疗卫生服务,针对不同的老年群体提供差别化的服务项目,关注老年群体的精神状态;在参与方面,充分利用低龄老年人的作用,支持和引导老年人参与社区互助养老,建立互助养老的长效机制;在保障方面,整合各方资源,提供制度保障,完善社区养老服务设施,改善外部的养老环境,完善养老服务队伍,提升专业化服务水平,并建立社区居家养老服务综合信息平台,发挥社区居家养老服务在积极应对人口老龄化中的积极作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The situation of aging population in China is grim.It has the characteristics of"large base number,rapid growth," and "not rich before old".It not only means an increase in the number of elderly people,but also prolongs the life expectancy.The increasingly diversified old-age needs of the elderly are in China.The supply of pension services also poses severe challenges.To this end,China actively explores strategies to deal with the aging of the population.The community home-based pension service model has unique advantages in respect of the provision of old-age care services in terms of kinship,geographical location,etc.,which makes up for the inadequacies of family pension and institutional pension services and actively responds to the aging of the population.The effective way.However,the community home-based pension is a new way of providing elderly care services.There are still many problems in service provision and protection.Giving full play to the role of the community in the provision of aged care services,it is positive to understand and solve the problems existing in the community aged care services.Responsible for the aging of the population.In view of this,this paper takes the active ageing as the research perspective,takes the "health,participation,and protection" as the pillar,and based on a large amount of relevant literature,through field surveys and interviews,conducts field research on the two communities in Wuhan D and Y.Summarizing the status quo of D,Y community home-based care for the elderly and the need for health care,participation,etc.and through the comparison of D and Y communities,summarizes the useful experience of D-community and discusses the inadequacies of the community home-based care services,including:Insufficient supply of medical and health care and old-age care services,and insufficient attention to mental health problems for the elderly;In terms of participation,there is inconsistency between participation awareness and participation behavior,and the type of participation is single;in terms of security,low utilization rate of human resource in old age.Service station facilities and services are formalized and virtualized,and there is a lack of community-based pension service teams.On this basis,it proposes measures and suggestions for improving community home-based care for the elderly.Aged groups from the perspective of active aging are no longer passive service recipients,but are more active participants.Giving full play to the active role of the elderly groups,we must strengthen old-age education,change the concept of old-age care and the traditional label of the elderly;improve the physical quality of the elderly,strengthen community health care services,and provide differentiated service programs for different age groups,pay attention to the mental status of elderly groups;In the aspect of participation,the role of the young elderly should be fully utilized to support and guide the elderly to participate in community mutual assistance,and establish a long-term mechanism for mutual assistance and retirement;in terms of security,integrate all resources,provide institutional guarantees,and improve Community old-age service facilities,improve the external pension environment,improve the old-age service team,improve the level of professional services,and establish a comprehensive information platform for the community home-based care for the elderly,to play a positive role in community response to aging population aging.更多还原