王度庐武侠小说的女性书写研究

【作者】 王娟；

【导师】 傅晓燕； 陈夫龙；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 王度庐在武侠小说史上开创了悲剧侠情一派。他的小说突破了传统武侠小说男性为尊的枷锁,将女性作为主要角色甚至是小说的主角来结构故事,展示了她们自我意识觉醒的艰难历程。这些命运多舛的女子,在赢得经济独立和社会的尊敬后,仍然不能改变自己的悲剧命运,她们的爱情、婚姻、家庭已不再完满,甚至全部缺失,她们不得不在失去爱情和幸福的孤独中一步步走向精神独立。作为“民国武侠”中最具有代表性的作家,王度庐对武侠小说的女性书写进行了新的探索,王度庐成长于清末民初新旧思想剧烈交锋的年代,窘迫的生存环境中女性家庭成员对他的关怀和抚育,满族世代流传的尊女传统以及五四女性解放思潮等都对王度庐的女性观形成了有益影响,在这种进步女性观的影响下,王度庐赋予了他作品中的女性以同等的社会地位和平等的爱情心理。在王度庐的笔下,这些女性也仿佛经历了现代思想改造,她们自我意识萌发,不再顺服于男性的权威,拥有独立的意志和主见。在经济上,她们争取独立,努力养活自己,并希望有能施展才能的社会舞台;在情感上,她们大胆追求“爱的权利”,甚至要求男子一对一的忠贞爱情。更可贵的是,王度庐并不是把女性作为性别符号,而是把她们当成和男性一样同等重要的人来看待,他正视女性身上独有的侠性、妻性和母性,笔触直指女性灵魂深处爱与痛,呈现出具有鲜明女性意识和性别特征的女性话语。在女性形象的塑造上,王度庐以高超的叙事技巧,通过动人入微的细节描写、生动细致的心理刻画以及叙事角度的随意切换,充分展现了女性人物的丰满性、矛盾性和悲剧性。小说语言浅近淡雅、不事雕琢,读来有散文诗般的享受。高度个性化的人物语言更充分体现了“言如其人”“闻言识人”的特征。在结构小说故事情节的同时,王度庐也没有忽略对老北京风土人情的描摹,他充分利用了北京地区的语言、民俗、文化特征,将京味气息深深的烙印于作品之中,使它与故事情节的发展相得益彰。王度庐以写言情小说步入文坛,后因生活所迫改写武侠。他将言情和武侠这两种小说类型巧妙融合,创造出了言情武侠的完善形态。在他的小说里,爱情不再是男女侠客的一种艳遇,而是彼此生命情感的寄托。爱情与武侠比翼齐飞,对后世新武侠小说影响深远,使侠骨柔情上升到了小说的中心地位。王度庐笔下的爱情故事多以悲剧结局,但他并没有把导致悲剧的原因简单地归结为外部的社会因素,而是转向恋爱双方的性格、心理因素的探讨,并逐渐深入人性层面。这种“性格——心理”悲剧模式也为后来的武侠小说创作提供了有益借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wang Dulu in the history of martial arts novels created a tragedy.His novels broke the shackles of traditional male-oriented martial arts novels,women as main characters or even the protagonist of the novel to structure stories,showing their self-awareness of the difficult course.The ill-fated woman,after she won the respect of economic independence and social,still cannot change their tragic fate,their love,marriage and family are no longer satisfactory or even total loss,they had to lose love and happiness step by step toward spiritual independence of solitude.As the most representative writer in the "Republic of China Knight-errant",Wang Duojian has made a new exploration of the female writing of the Wuxia novels,Wang Duojian grew up in the era of the fierce confrontation of new and old ideas in the late Qing Dynasty,and the caring and tending of the female family members in the living environment.The revered female tradition of Manchu generation and the May Fourth Women’s liberation trend of thought have formed a beneficial influence on Wang Duojian’s view of women,and under the influence of this progressive view of women,Wang Duojian endows the women in his works with equal social status and equal Love psychology.In Wang Dulu’s writing,these women seemed to experience the modern ideological transformation,germination of their sense of self,not in submission to male authority,has an independent will and initiative.Economically,their struggle for independence,efforts to feed themselves,and hope to have the chance to display social arena;emotionally,they pursue "the right to love",or even men’s loyalty to one of love.More valuable is that Wang Dulu is not to women as sex symbols,but as their men as equally important to look at,he addressed women’s unique man,wife,and mother,stroke to the female soul,love and pain,showing a distinctive feminine consciousness and feminine sex characteristics.On the female image of,Wang Dulu with superb narrative skills by moving detail,vivid and detailed psychological portrait and the switch of narrative perspective,full is full of contradictions and tragic female characters.Language simple and elegant,not Polish,read a prose-like and enjoy.Highly personalized characters more fully reflects "the man" "smell a man" character.Structure of novel story at the same time,Wang Dulu has not ignored the tracing of the old Beijing customs,he took full advantage of the features of Beijing language,custom,culture,Beijing breath deeply imprinted in the works,so that it plots the development complement each other.Wang Dulu write romance novels into the literary world,life force after rewrite of martial arts.He will both romance and the martial arts fiction genre blend,creating a perfect form of martial arts and romance.In his novel,love is no longer a warrior men and Women Affairs,but life and emotional sustenance.Love and martial arts biyiqifei,profound impact on the later new novels,franca rises to the center of the novel.Described by Wang Dulu’s love story with a tragic ending,but he has not caused the tragedy simply comes down to external factors,but turned to the study of relationships between personality,psychological factors,and deep humanity.This "character" tragic pattern as the later novels writing provided a useful reference.更多还原