【作者】 赵婷；

【导师】 蒋小翼；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 国际法， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 自2009年以来,部分南海周边国家相继向联合国大陆架界限委员会提交200海里外大陆架划界案和初步信息,且2016年南海仲裁案裁决结果对我国在南海部分海域及岛礁的历史性权利提出质疑,我国在南海的历史性权利保护遭遇困境,由此可预见,南海海域的划界形势将会面临严重的考验,了解相关划界方法,在划界过程中最大限度谋求海洋权益对于中国意义十分重大。本文聚焦于历史捕鱼权这一非主权性历史性权利的合法性、构成要素以及其在海洋划界中产生的作用。一方面,历史性捕鱼权因其非排他性不像历史性所有权引起重视,甚至有趋向边缘化的趋势;另一方面,对国际司法实践进行研究后可发现,历史性捕鱼权在国家海洋划界过程中可以发挥一定作用,国际司法机构将会对渔业利益赋予一定权重予以考虑。本文由绪论及正文的三个部分组成。正文部分首先对历史性捕鱼权在国际法上的地位进行分析,对国际上历史性捕鱼权已被《联合国海洋法公约》所建立的专属经济区以及大陆架制度所否定的观点进行反驳,并分析历史性捕鱼权其性质问题,从而指出作为习惯国际法合理内核的历史性捕鱼权与《联合国海洋法公约》专属经济区和大陆架制度的关系,进而根据国际司法实践分析历史性捕鱼权的构成要素包括国家长期、持续地行使权利以及其他国家的态度。最后,分析历史性捕鱼权对海洋划界的影响,作为“特殊情况”影响海洋划界的程度在大陆架划界和专属经济区划界中有所不同,大陆架因“自然延伸”原则,难以对历史性捕鱼权予以考虑,而专属经济区划界过程中,历史性捕鱼权常作为“特殊情况”予以考虑,认定矫正法庭划定的临时分界线的“特殊情况”或“相关情况”需满足相当苛刻的条件,笔者根据涉历史性捕鱼权的海洋划界案,对法庭或仲裁庭的考量进行分析,认为历史性捕鱼权要达到对临时界线进行矫正的程度需满足两个因素:渔业利益的丧失对沿海国造成灾难性影响,以及沿海国排他性行使渔业权利。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some countries around the South China Sea have submitted to the UN commission on the limits of the continental shelf 200 nautical miles of continental shelf delimitation and preliminary information since 2009.It can be predicted that the delimitation situation in the South China Sea will face serious challenges.Having a good command of the relevant delimitation method is very important for China to maximize the interests of maritime rights and interests in the process of maritime delimitation.This thesis focuses on the historic fishing rights,which are non-sovereign historic rights,whose effect in the process of maritime boundary delimitation.On the one hand,there has been no attention to the historic fishing rights because of its character of non-exclusive,even to the extent of marginalization,on the other hand,according to international judicial practice,historic fishing rights can play a role in the process of national maritime delimitation,international dispute settlement body will take account of fishing interests.This thesis consists of a introduction and three parts of the main body.The text first analyses the status of historic fishing rights in the international law,arguing against the point of view that the EEZ and Continental Shelf regime under Part V and Part VI of the 1982 United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)deny the historic fishing rights of other States,then take analysis of its nature of the historic fishing rights,the conclusion is that the UNCLOS and the EEZ and Continental shelf regime can coexist with the historic fishing rights.In section II,according to international judicial practice,the elements of the historic fishing rights include national long-term,sustained exercise of rights,and the attitude of other states.Third,it focuses on the effect of the historic fishing rights in maritime delimitation,historic fishing rights have different impacts on the EEZ and Continental Shelf as a“special circumstances".It is difficult to international dispute settlement body to take account to the historic fishing rights in delimitation of Continental Shelf because of the principle of natural prolongation.While in the cases concerning maritime delimitation,the court will adjust the provisional equidistance line in the light of the existence of special circumstances such as the historic fishing rights.To make such adjustment will satisfy two conditions:catastrophic repercussions for the countries concerned and exclusive exercise of fishing rights.更多还原