【作者】 刘艳芳；

【导师】 洪昕林；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 物理化学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 石墨是一种具有层状结构的碳单质,这种结构给它带来了很多与众不同的物理化学性质,而石墨插层化合物充分地利用了石墨层状结构。我们知道,石墨层内原子是以σ键键连,作用力很强,而石墨层间是较弱的范德华力。这就导致了石墨层间间距远远大于石墨层内原子间距,可以容许一些小分子进入层间进行插层。故自1841年以来,一系列各种各样的石墨插层化合物被制备和研究。特别是一些比较典型的石墨插层化合物,比如氯化铁石墨插层化合物。最近的相关研究正在挖掘石墨插层化合物的更多性能,比如锂离子电池性能。故本文首先研究了如何制备金属氯化物的石墨插层化合物,并对制备出来的化合物进行了各种电化学性能的表征,如锂离子电池性能、锂空气电池性能、醇氧化(EOR)性能、氢析出(HER)性能等。除此之外,我们还对制备方法进行了改善,采取加入极性溶剂促进氯化物的插入。得到的结果如下:·极性溶剂的加入可以有效地促进石墨插层化合物的形成;·金属氯化物的石墨插层化合物HER性能优越;·氯化铁石墨插层化合物的锂离子电池性能优秀;从文献中可知,石墨插层化合物还可以用来进行对石墨的剥离。故之后的工作主要围绕如何剥离石墨而展开,且主要系统研究了溶剂超声法剥离石墨。最后将石墨剥离出的石墨烯片应用于CO2加氢还原反应的研究,并对该反应的催化剂进行了 一系列表征和研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Graphite is an allotrope of carbon with the unique layered structure which brings it a lot of unusual physical and chemical properties.The layered structure is fully utilized to prepare the graphite intercalation compounds.It’s known that the force in layer is different from the force between the layers.The former calls sigma bond which is strong,while the latter is the weak van der waals.It results in a far greater distance between layers than that of atoms in layer,which allows the intercalation of small moleculars into the graphite.Since the first synthesis of graphite intercalation compound in 1841,a variety of graphite intercalation compounds have been prepared and studied,especially the typical compounds like FeCl3-graphite.The recent researches have explored more performance of graphite intercalation compounds,such as used for electrode materials of lithium ion batteries.Therefore,this article studies how to prepare metal chloride graphite intercalation compounds and characterizes the properties of the graphite intercalation compounds;The compounds is explored the properties in lithium ion batteries,lithium air batteries,alcohol oxidation reactions and hydrogen evolution reactions.In addition,This article improves the preparation process by adding the polar solvent to promote the intercalating.The results are as follows:’The addition of polar solvents can effectively promote the intercalation of graphite;.The metal chloride compounds have superior performances of hydrogen evolution reactions;and.FeCl3-graphite behaves excellent in lithium ion batteries.The graphite intercalation compounds are also applied to the exfoliation of graphite.So,the later work concentrates on how to exfoliate the graphite and systematically studied the exfoliation of graphite via sonication assisted liquid-phase.Finally,the exfoliated graphite is applied to the reaction of hydrogenation of CO2to methanol,and prepared a series of catalysts for the reaction with characterizations.更多还原