【作者】 李强；

【导师】 易银沙；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:了解湖南省不同经济水平地区留守儿童的人格发展特征与心理健康状况;对不同经济水平地区留守儿童的人格特征的特点及其对心理健康的影响进行调查分析,以期为不同经济水平地区留守儿童的心理健康教育工作的发展提供参考依据。方法:于2017年6月至2017年8月,采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,先参考湖南省统计年鉴对贫困县及非贫困县的定义对湖南省所有区县进行经济水平等级的划分,借助随机数字表法从湖南省所有县中随机抽取2个贫困县和1个非贫困县,在抽取得到的3个县中再次借助随机数字表法各从中随机抽取1镇(乡),以该镇(乡)中6～14岁的儿童作为研究对象进行匿名调查。采用描述性统计学指标(均数、标准差、中位数、四分位间距、极差、率、构成比、相对比等)对研究结果中的一般资料及各个量表的得分情况进行统计学描述;对服从正态分布的计量资料采用两独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析进行组间资料的比较,对不服从正态分布的计量资料采用两组或多组资料的秩和检验进行组间资料的比较;采用卡方检验及Fisher确切概率法进行率的比较;采用有序logistic回归影响留守儿童的心理健康状况的因素进行多因素分析。结果:1.本调查在最终抽取到的3个镇(乡)中共发放问卷890份,回收有效调查问卷813份(91.35%);其中特困地区共发放问卷657份(73.82%),回收有效调查问卷613份(93.30%),非特困地区共发放问卷233份(26.18%),回收有效调查问卷200份(85.84%)。2.特困地区留守儿童心理健康总得分与国内常模相比有统计学差异(t=2.876,P<0.05),非特困地区留守儿童心理健康总得分与国内常模相比有统计学差异(t=2.049,P<0.05);针对2个特困镇(乡)收集到的613例有效调查对象的结果显示,所有项目及总分的得分均相对集中在“中等”水平,且整体来看判定等级为“非常差”、“比较差”的比例均略高于判定等级为“非常好”、“比较好”的比例。除安全与信任外其他项目等级达到“非常好”的比例均低于10%,而愉快体验、情绪反映以及自信与自尊则是严重性排名靠前的特困地区留守儿童心理问题;针对1个非特困镇(乡)收集到的200例有效调查对象的分析结果显示,所有项目及总分的得分同样相对集中在“中等”水平,且整体来看判定等级为“非常差”、“比较差”的比例均略低于判定等级为“非常好”、“比较好”的比例。焦虑体验以及情绪反应等级达到“非常好”的比例均超过15%,而需要满足、愉快体验则是严重性排名相对靠前的非特困地区留守儿童心理问题。3.特困地区留守儿童精神质得分与国内常模相比有统计学差异(t=2.315,P<0.05),非特困地区留守儿童精神质得分与国内常模相比没有统计学差异(t=0.830,P>0.05);留守儿童精神质人格影响因素分析的结果显示:年龄偏大(OR=0.42,95%CI:0.25～0.79)是留守儿童倾向于精神质人格的保护因素;女性(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.22-4.81)、与主要监护人关系不好(OR=2.89,95%CI:1.63-6.10)、与外出务工的父母见面周期超过9个月(OR=3.82,95%CI:2.68～5.90)、自尊与自信得分等级差(OR=3.05,95%CI:1.83-4.44)以及愉快体验得分等级差(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.77～4.70)是留守儿童倾向于精神质人格的危险因素。4.特困地区留守儿童内外向得分与国内常模相比有统计学差异(t=2.498,P<0.05),非特困地区留守儿童内外向得分与国内常模相比有统计学差异(t=1.980,P<0.05);留守儿童内外向人格状况的影响因素分析的结果显示:儿童不住校(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.33～0.92)是留守儿童倾向于内向型人格的保护因素;女性(OR=3.01,95%CI:1.92～4.14)、与主要监护人关系不好(OR=2.95,95%CI:2.13-4.54)、自尊与自信得分等级差(OR=4.19,95%CI:2.87～9.27)以及安全与信任得分等级差(OR=3.48,95%CI:2.52～5.37)是留守儿童倾向于内向型人格的危险因素。5.特困地区留守儿童稳定性得分与国内常模相比没有统计学差异(t=1.287,P>0.05),非特困地区留守儿童稳定性得分与国内常模相比没有统计学差异(t=0.549,P>0.05);留守儿童稳定性人格状况的影响因素分析的结果显示:年龄偏大(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.21-0.77)、儿童来自非特困地区(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.18-0.80)是留守儿童倾向于稳定性人格的保护因素;父母婚姻状况不好(OR=5.96,95%CI:3.82～9.42)、需要满足得分等级差(OR=5.12,95%CI:2.60～10.32)以及愉快体验得分等级差(OR=2.56,95%CI:1.89～4.21)是留守儿童倾向于不稳定性人格的危险因素。6.特困地区留守儿童掩饰型和淳朴型得分与国内常模相比没有统计学差异(t=1.287,P>0.05),非特困地区留守儿童掩饰型和淳朴型得分与国内常模相比没有统计学差异(t=0.549,P>0.05);留守儿童内外向人格状况的影响因素分析的结果显示:女性(OR=3.26,95%CI:1.67-6.00)、儿童来自非特困地区(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.36～3.95)、年龄偏大(OR=3.52,95%CI:2.99～4.89)、自尊与自信得分等级差(OR=3.21,95%CI:1.47～6.63)是留守儿童倾向于掩饰型人格的危险因素。结论:1.特困留守儿童与非特困留守儿童相比,更加倾向于精神质、不稳定、内向以及掩饰型人格;2.愉快体验、情绪反映以及自信与自尊是特困地区留守儿童的主要心理问题,需要满足、愉快体验则是非特困地区留守儿童则主要心理问题;3.留守儿童的人格特征与其本身存在的心理问题有一定的关联性,同时也与留守儿童的年龄、性别、当地经济水平、监护方式以及儿童与主要监护者关系等因素有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To understand the children’s development of personality characteristics and mental health status of left behind areas of different economic levels in Hunan province;at the same time to investigate and personality characteristics of left behind children of different economic levels of the characteristics and the influence on mental health,in order to provide reference for the development of children’s mental health education in areas with different economic levels.Methods:From June 2017 to August 2017,using multistage cluster sampling method,consult the statistical yearbook of Hunan Province in the poverty-stricken counties and non poor counties defined economic level in Hunan Province,all counties divided by randomly from Hunan Province in all counties were randomly selected from 2 counties and 1 non impoverished the county,with the random number table method,each randomly selected from 1 towns in 3 counties were selected again in the(Village),the town(township)in children aged 6-14 as the research object for anonymous survey.The use of Epidata3.1 data for statistical analysis after finishing entry into the SPSS18.0,using descriptive statistical indices(mean,standard deviation,median,four percentile interval,range,rate,constituent ratio,relative ratio)for statistical description of the research results of the general data and each scale scores of compliance measurement data;the normal distribution using two independent samples t test or ANOVA to compare data between groups,compare the data between the groups of rank test does not obey the normal distribution of the measurement data using two or more groups of data;using correlation partial correlation analysis of Spearman rank correlation of scale the scores of grade analysis,multivariate analysis of factors were analyzed by using ordinal logistic regression effect on the mental health of children left behind.Results:1.The investigation in the final 3 towns(township)selected by the 890 questionnaires,recycling 813 valid questionnaires(91.35%);the poor areas of a total of 657 questionnaires(73.82%),recovered 613 valid questionnaires(93.30%),the non poor areas of a total of 233 questionnaires(26.18%),recovery 200 valid questionnaires(85.84%).2.The total score of the mental health of the left behind children in the poor areas was significantly different from that of the domestic norm(t=2.876,P<0.05).The total score of the mental health of the left behind children in the non stricken areas was statistically different from that of the domestic norm(t=2.049,P<0.05).Of the 2 poverty-stricken town(township)and 613 cases were effective survey collected and 1 non impoverished town(township)were compared and analyzed the results of 200 cases of effective survey collected by,found the spirit of quality,stability,and the number of different levels inside and outside to hide the simple personality and distribution were statistically significant in the two groups(all P<0.05).3.There was a significant difference between the mental quality scores of the left behind children in the poor areas and the domestic norm(t=2.315,P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between the mental quality scores of the left behind children in the non stricken areas and the domestic norm(t=0.830,P>0.05).Analysis of factors affecting the psychotic personality of the left behind children showed that age(OR=0.42,95%Ci:0.25～0.79)were protective factors of left-behind children tend to psychoticism;female(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.22～4.81),and the main guardian is not good(OR=2.89,95%CI:1.63～6.10)to meet.with the parents of migrant workers over the 9 month period(OR=3.82,95%CI:2.685.90),self esteem and confidence score level difference(or=3.05,95%Ci:1.83～4.44)and pleasant experience score level difference(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.77～4.70)were risk factors of left-behind children tend to psychoticism personality.4.There was a significant difference in the internal and external scores of the left behind children from the domestic norm(t=2.498,P<0.05).There was a statistical difference between the internal and external scores of the left behind children in the non stricken areas and the domestic norm(t=1.980,P<0.05).Analysis of influence factors to left-behind children and personality of the children are not in residence(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.33～0.92)were protective factors of left-behind children tend to be introverted personality;female(OR=3.01,95%CI:1.92～4.14),and the main guardian is not good(OR=2.95,95%CI:2.13～4.54),self esteem and confidence score level difference(OR=4.19,95%CI:2.87～9.27)and the security and trust ’level difference(OR=3.48,95%CI:2.52～5.37)were risk factors of left-behind children tend to be introverted personality.5.There was no statistical difference between the stability scores of the left behind children in the poor areas and the domestic norm(t=1.287,P>0.05).There was no statistical difference between the stability scores of the left behind children in the non stricken areas and the domestic norm(t=0.549,P>0.05).Analysis of the factors affecting the stability of the personality status of children left behind.The result showed that the older(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.21～0.77),children from non poor areas(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.18～0.80)were protective factors of left-behind children tend to stability of personality;parental marital status is not good(OR=5.96,95%CI:3.82～9.42),to meet the score level difference(OR=5.12,95%CI:2.60～10.32)and a pleasant experience score level difference(OR=2.56,95%CI:1.89～4.21)were risk factors of left-behind children tend to unstable personality.6.There was no significant difference in the score of the hidden and simple type of the left behind children in the poor area compared with the domestic norm(t=1.287,P>0.05).There was no statistical difference in the score of the hidden and simple type of the left behind children in the non stricken areas compared with the domestic norm(t=0.549,P>0.05).Analysis of influence factors to left-behind children and the results showed that the personality status of women(OR=3.26,95%CI:1.67-6.00),children from non poor areas(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.36～3.95),age(OR=3.52,95%CI:2.99～4.89),self esteem and confidence score level difference(OR= 3.21,95%CI:1.47～6.63)is left-behind children tend to conceal dangerous personality factors.Conclusion:1.Compared with the non poverty-stricken children,the mental health problems of the poor left behind children are more serious,and they tend to be mental,unstable,introverted and disguised personality.2.Pleasant experience,emotional reflection,self-confidence and self-esteem are the main psychological problems of the left behind children in poor areas.3.Left behind children’s psychological problems are related to personality traits,but also related to factors such as age,gender,family meeting frequency and relationship between the main guardians.更多还原