袁中道的自然审美观研究

【作者】 王颖；

【导师】 童伟；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 文艺学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 晚明时期,心学盛行,思想解放,政治的黑暗使得许多文人纷纷转向自然,在自然中寻求解脱,袁中道就是其中之一,他对于自然审美有着他独特的见解。袁中道以他对山水画的修养来浸润他所面对的自然山水,以对画境的理解来解读自然山水之神韵,从艺术欣赏的角度来观赏自然,为后世自然审美观开辟了一条新的道路。袁中道的自然审美观不仅仅包含着以自然界事物作为审美对象的审美观念,更是通过他自身对于自然的理解来探讨文学创作的自然审美观念,在下文中笔者将对此详细阐述。本文分为引言、主体三章和结语五个部分,第一章首先概述了自然审美观的历史渊源,首先论述了古代文论中自然审美观的历史发展,紧接着考察袁中道自然审美观产生的背景,晚明的文学思潮对袁中道自然审美观的影响,最后探讨晚明时期的士人心态对袁中道自然审美观产生的作用。第二章详细探讨了袁中道自然审美观的内涵,一、“真”,主要写了袁中道强调自然真实,不介意俗语俚语的运用,只要是能够通过其抒发内心最自然真实的情感,为适应直抒胸臆的内在需要袁中道开始主张含蓄蕴藉,认为文学创作应该做到言有尽而意无穷。二、“趣”,袁中道主张的洒然之趣包含自然之趣、人之趣各种多样之趣,这些灵动直观感性之趣都是为了获得感官的享受,令人回味无穷。三、“淡”,袁中道对自己年少时的狂狷审美进行反思,为诗为文都开始追求自然平淡,放下生死的执念,于参禅悟道中寻求精神的寄托,于平淡的诗歌中包含独特的韵致,淡中有味。第三章概括了袁中道自然审美观的文学理论价值,首先是袁中道对于晚明时期“主情”思潮的推动,促进了当时人们自我意识的觉醒;其次是他对于师法古人的一些观点,公安派的兴起就是为了抵制当时的复古风潮,所以刚开始难免过于激进,袁中道作为公安派后期的掌门人,对此进行了拨正,他的关于古代传统继承和发展的观点不仅仅对当时有积极的影响,即使现在也有很大的积极意义;最后是对于后世的影响,袁中道为改变当时模拟成袭之风,积极主张创新与变革,他清楚地认识到了公安派后期的弊病,站在一个旁观者的角度客观的对公安派的学说进行了反思和修正,并对竟陵派产生了直接的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the late Ming Dynasty,the heart science was popular and the mind was liberated,the darkness of politics has led many literati to turn to nature and seek relief in nature,YuanZhongdao is one of them,he has his unique insights on natural aesthetics.Yuan Zhongdao infiltrated his natural landscape with his cultivation of landscape paintings to understand the charm of natural landscapes through his understanding of landscapes,and to admire nature from the perspective of art appreciation,which opened up a new path for natural aesthetics of later generations.Yuan Zhongdao’s natural aesthetic concept not only includes the aesthetic concept of using natural objects as aesthetic objects,but also explores the natural aesthetic concept of literary creation through his own understanding of nature.In the following,the author will elaborate on this.This article is divided into five parts:introduction,the mainthree chapters and conclusion.The first chapter first summarizes the historical origin of natural aesthetics,first discusses the historical development of natural aesthetics in ancient literary theory,and then examines the background of Yuan Zhongdao’s natural aesthetics.The impact of the late Ming literary trend on Yuan Zhongdao’s natural aesthetics,Finally,it discusses the effect of the scholars’mentality in the late Ming Dynasty on Yuan Zhongdao’s natural aesthetics.The second chapter discusses in detail the connotation of Yuan Zhongdao’s natural aesthetics,I."Zhen",mainly writes Yuan Zhongdao’s emphasis on natural reality and doesn’t not mind the use of proverbial proverbs.As long as he expresses his true feelings in his heart,he advocates subtle imputation for adapting to the internal needs of his imperial conscience,words are boundless.Second,"Qu",Yuan Zhongdao’sQu includes the interests of nature,the various interests of people’s interests,these smart intuitive sense of interest are to enjoy the senses,it is memorable.3."Dan",Yuan Zhongdao reconsidered his manic aesthetic when he was young,and began to pursue natural plain for the poetry and literature.He laid down the obsession of life and death,sought spiritual support in the meditation and enlightenment,and included unique features in the plain poetry,versatility,faint taste.The third chapter summarizes Yuan Zhongdao’s literary theory value of natural aesthetics.First of all,it promotes the awakening of people’s self-consciousness at that time;Secondly,with regard to some viewpoints of imitate the ancients,the emergence of the Gong’anschool was to resist the retro fashion of the time,so it was hard to avoid being too radical,Yuan Zhongdao,as the head of the post of the Gong’anschool,made a corrective move,his tradition was ancient,his views on the inheritance and development of ancient traditions not only had a positive influence on the time,but even now it has a great positive significance;finally,with regard to the influence of later generations,Yuan Zhongdao actively advocated innovation and change in order to change the prevailing style of simulation,At the time,He clearly recognized the shortcomings of the post of the Gong’anschool,objectively reviewed and corrected the theory of the Gong’anschool from the perspective of a bystander,and had a direct influence on the Jingling school.更多还原