【作者】 姜波；

【导师】 李英杰；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 动力工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 转子作为汽轮机中能量转换的核心部件,它的作用是把高温高压的气体内能转化为旋转的机械能,从而输出功率。转子在运行中承受着非常复杂的作用力,主要有扭力、离心力及热应力等,因此其结构形式的设计、材料的选用及加工工艺都面临着严峻的考验。转子的稳定性对汽轮机运行起着至关重要的作用,转子的不平衡量越小,转子在转动过程中跳动就越小,转动就越平稳,因此对转子精加工的加工精度有着相当高的要求,所以设计比较全面的加工制造工艺方案,对保证转子在加工、装配中的精度是至关重要的。本文通过试验对汽轮机转子加工转速、进给量、吃刀量进行分析,找出三者与表面粗糙度的关系,便于确定加工工艺参数。通过对无冷却液切削、有冷却液以及复合喷雾法的对比试验研究,发现复合喷雾法效果最好。对汽轮机转子各个组成部分进行研究,并对加工过程中的难点进行了分析,研究开发了一种特定的刀杆,用于转子轮槽间汽封齿的加工,保证加工准确的进行;设计了一种转子加工平台用于转子加工过程中的装夹定位,即保证了加工精度,又大大减少了装夹定位的时间;对转子机加工工艺进行设计、改进,包括机床、刀具、和检测等方面,并确定了合理的加工参数,完成了对转子加工工艺的最优化。对转子的锁口、轮槽和平衡孔的加工过程中的加工难点进行系统、全面的分析,并对切削刀具、加工方法和工艺参数进行改进。对于转子轮槽加工,采用粗精加工刀具分开的方式,提高了刀具的利用率及加工效率,也能更好地满足零件加工精度;对于平衡孔的加工,通过设计新刀杆并在三菱机床进行加工的方法,解决了压力级叶轮多,平衡孔跨距长无法在钻床加工的问题,并保证了转子的加工精度和加工质量;对锁口的优化加工,通过运用UG进行数控编程加工,锁口加工精度更高,表面质量更美观,并且省时、省力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rotor is the core part of energy conversion in steam turbine.Its function is to turn high temperature and high pressure steam into rotating mechanical energy and output power.The rotor is subjected to very complex forces during operation,mainly including torsion,centrifugal force and thermal stress.Therefore,its structural form design,material selection and processing technology are facing severe challenges.The rotor stability plays a vital role in the operation of steam turbine,the rotor unbalance amount is small,the rotor during rotation beating is smaller,more stable rotation,so the machining precision of rotor machining has a very high demand,so the design of a comprehensive manufacturing process,to ensure the accuracy of the rotor in the processing and installation is very important.In this paper,the effect of cutting speed,feed rate and cutting depth on surface roughness is studied by single factor test,and the optimum processing parameters are determined.Through the study of dry cutting,cooling liquid and compound spray method,it is determined that the combined spray method is the best and the most economical method.Based on the processing of steam turbine rotor speed and feed rate and cutting depth are tested and analyzed,find out the three relations between surface roughness and machining parameters,easy to determine.Through the study of the non coolant cutting,the coolant and the compound spray method,it is found that the combined spray method has the best cooling effect.For each part of the rotor,and the difficulties in the process of analysis,research and development of a specific tool bar,for the rotor slot between the steam sealing teeth,ensure accurate processing;a rotor machining process for clamping and locating rotor processing platform is designed.Which is to ensure the machining precision,and greatly reduce the clamping positioning time;design and improvement of the rotor machining process,including machine tools,cutting tools,and detection,and determine a reasonable processing parameters,completed the optimization of processing technology of rotor.A systematic and comprehensive analysis is made of the machining difficulties in the machining process of the rotor’s locking ports,wheel grooves and balancing holes,and the cutting tools,processing methods and technological parameters are optimized and improved.For rotor slot processing,using separate machining tool,improve processing efficiency and utilization rate of the tool,meet the machining precision of the parts will be better;for the balance hole processing method,through the design of the new cutter and processed in the Mitsubishi machine,to solve the pressure stage impeller,balance hole span not in drilling problems,and ensure the machining precision and quality of the rotor;optimizing the processing of the lock,the NC programming processing through the use of UG,locking higher precision,surface quality is more beautiful,and time-saving and labor-saving.更多还原