【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 汪军；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的:最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen uptake,VO_2max)影响因素主要包括中枢系统（氧运输）和外周系统（氧利用）,本文通过研究不同专项运动员的最大摄氧量及各系统影响因素,分析不同专项运动员的最大摄氧量、肺功能、血液系统、心脏功能和骨骼肌相关指标是否具有专项特征,探究不同区间最大摄氧量的主要限制因素差异性。研究方法:以北京体育大学竞技体校和总局自剑中心61名不同专项运动员为研究对象,将研究对象分为3组,分别为爆发力组-举重专项（WL）、混合供能组-摔跤专项（WR）、耐力组-铁人三项（TA）。用改良Bruce方案对受试者进行跑台递增负荷实验测定其最大摄氧量等气体代谢指标;利用肺功能仪、CO吸入法、心脏超声仪、近红外光谱仪等测定肺、血液、心脏和骨骼肌等相关指标,所有指标进行专项差异分析以及与最大摄氧量进行相关回归分析,建立预测最大摄氧量的非运动回归模型。研究结果:1)不同专项运动员的VO_2max及其影响因素均具有显著性的专项差异,TA专项的VO_2max显著高于其他专项,高出未训练者40%-50%,WR专项高出未训练者15%左右,WL专项与未训练者相差不大;肺功能指标、血液指标和骨骼肌指标的专项差异与VO_2max相似;心脏泵血功能:WR专项的心输出量（cardiac output,CO）最高,比未训练者高70%-80%,WL专项比未训练者高30%,TA专项比未训练者高20%-34%。2)不同专项水平VO_2max的主要限制因素存在差异,所有专项中血红蛋白总量（total hemoglobin mass,tHb）对VO_2max的影响都是较为显著的,爆发力专项的CO和tHb对VO_2max的影响相对较大,肺活量（vital capacity,VC）影响作用最小;WR专项中肌氧相对有效下降值(relative value of the effective decrease,D_eff)和tHb对VO_2max的影响最大,其次是VC,限制作用最小的是CO;TA专项中对VO_2max的限制作用从大到小依次是D_eff、tHb、VC、CO。3)根据VO_2max与其影响因素的相关性分析,建立预测VO_2max的回归模型:Y=549.793+0.276*VC+0.047*D_eff+1.198*tHb(Y-VO_2max,R²=0.86,P<0.00),该方程拟合度较高,能够很好的预测VO_2max。研究结论:不同专项训练使得运动员的肺功能、血液系统、心脏功能、骨骼肌功能和最大摄氧量具有专项特征;各系统指标与最大摄氧量高度相关,血液指标（tHb）对最大摄氧量的影响较为显著,不同范围内最大摄氧量的主要影响因素不同,耐力组主要是骨骼肌利用氧的能力,混合供能组主要是血红蛋白总量和骨骼肌利用氧的能力,爆发力组主要是心输出量和血红蛋白总量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:The main factors affecting the VO_2max include the central system（oxygen transport）and the peripheral system（oxygen utilization）.By analyzing the related indexes and VO_2max in athletes of different disciplines,we are supposed to determine whether athletes of different disciplines are characterized by VO_2max、VC、tHb、SV and D_eff;and explore differences of the main limiting factors of VO_2max in different range.Methods:55 college volunteered to participate in this study,they are divided into 3 groups:weight lifting（WL）、wrestling（WR）、Triathlon（TA）.VO_2max was obtained by Graded Exercise Test;VC、MVV、SV、CO、D_eff、tHb and BV were measured and recorded by the different methods.Results:1)All indexes show special training characteristics,in comparison to UT,VO_2max are about40%-50%higher in the group TA,and 15%higher in the group WL,while the VO_2max in group WL show the same value with UT.We can see the familiar changes in the indexes of tHb、VC and D_eff.For the SV/CO,group WR shows70%-80%higher than that in group UT,group WL shows 30%than that in group UT,group TA is 20%-34%higher than that in group UT.2)The main influencing factors of VO_2max in different disciplines show difference.In all disciplines,tHb show a significant influence on VO_2max,in group WL,CO and D_effff play a more important role in limiting VO_2max than VC;in group WR,D_eff and tHb exert a greater limitation on VO_2max,while in group TA,the main limiting factor is D_eff,then the tHb、VC、CO.3)According to the correlational analysis of VO_2max and its influencing factors,regression models of VO_2max are established:Y=549.793+0.276*VC+0.047*D_eff+1.198*tHb(Y-VO_2max,R²=0.86,R²=0.84,P<0.00)Conclusions:VO_2max、VC、tHb、CO and D_eff have special training characteristics,these indexes and VO_2max are highly correlated,the main factors affecting the VO_2max in different ranges are different,In group WR,tHb and SV/CO play a more important role on limiting VO_2max,while in group WR and TA,tHb and D_eff are the most important influencing factors.更多还原