【作者】 陈宇；

【导师】 郑玉婴；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 聚合物薄膜如热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)以及聚乙烯(PE)由于优良的加工性、低成本以及力学性能,在复合材料领域有广泛的应用。但是聚合物薄膜在抗静电和阻隔性方面有所不足。石墨烯纳米带(GNRs)拥有优异的长径比,同时也存在着在有机溶剂容易团聚分散不开、表面边缘缺陷等问题,限制了纳米相的增强作用。为此,本文采用两种纳米材料复合协同增强聚合物基薄膜的思想,制备不同形貌的碳材料的聚合物薄膜,并对其相关性能进行系统分析。具体研究内容如下:利用硅烷偶联剂(KH550)对石墨烯纳米带表面化学修饰改善其分散性然后与纳米碳纤维(CNFs)共混,制得功能化石墨烯纳米带-纳米碳纤维/热塑性聚氨酯(FGNRs-CNFs/TPU)复合膜材。结果显示,KH-550使GNRs亲油性提高,并且FGNRs与CNFs相互搭接成FGNRs-CNFs网络结构,CNFs作为骨架支撑着网络结构,增加纳米相的分散性;当添加1.0%含量的FGNRs-CNFs时,FGNRs-CNFs/TPU复合膜材表现出良好的阻隔性,氧气透过率OTR值降低了68.8%;复合膜材的渝渗值为0.6%,体积电阻率ρv值下降了 8个数量级。纳米石墨(CNPs)在表面活化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)处理下可以增强在溶剂中的分散性,与功能化石墨烯纳米带(EGNRs)在一定条件下反应得到EGNRs75%-CNPs,然后制得EGNRs75%-CNPs/EVA复合膜材。研究表明:EGNRs75%-CNPs中CNPs作为连接位点,吸引纳米带相互搭接成3D网络形式。当添加 1.0%的 EGNRs75%-CNPs 时,EGNRs75%-CNPs/EVA 复合膜材 OTR 会下降67.6%,延阻小分子渗透;EGNRs-75%-CNPs/EVA复合膜材的渝渗值为0.8%,ρv值下降了 8个数量级。利用苯胺单体低温聚合负载到功能氧化石墨烯纳米带上(FGONRs)上,制得PANI-FGONRs/PE复合材料的薄膜。研究结果表明:苯胺单体与氧化石墨烯纳米带等量反应时,聚苯胺包覆纳米带效果最好,对复合膜材的性能进行分析,当PANI-FGONRs质量分数为0.8%时,PANI-FGONRs/PE复合膜材的阻隔性能相比于纯的PE薄膜提高了 65%;当PANI-FGONRs质量分数为0.6%时,PANI-FGONRs/PE复合膜材ρv值下降了 8个数量级,表现出了良好的抗静电性能。PANI-FGONRs/PE复合膜材由于内部纳米填料的分散均匀,力学性能也有所提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polymer films such as thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU),ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)and polyethylene(PE)have potentially broad application in complex field due to their excellent processability,low cost and superior mechanical properties.But their antistatic properties and barrier properties are poor.The graphene nanoribbons(GNRs)have excellent length-diameter ratio and anti-permeability,whereas its application is restricted by poor dispersion of organic solvents and surface defects.Thus,in this paper,we adopts a novel method to enhance the polymer film.the carbon-based materials with different morphologies and good dispersion in polymer matrix were prepared,and then systematically investigated the structure and properties of such functionalized fillers and the nano-composite films.The main research work is as follows:GNRs-CNFs nanohybrids were obtained via GNR and carbon nanofibres,the GNR was smodified by KH550.then the FGNRs-CNFs/TPU composite films were prepared.The resulted show that KH-550 increased the lipophilicity of GNRs,and FGNRs with CNFs formed FGNRs-CNFs network structure.CNFs supported the network structure as skeleton,which increased the dispersion of FGNRs-CNFs.FGNRs-CNFs/TPU composite film exhibited good barrier properties,OTR values decreased by 68.8%when the mass fraction of FGNRs-CNFs was 1.0%.The permeability of the FGNRs-CNFs/TPU composite film was 0.6%and the ρv decreased by 8 orders of magnitude.Nanographite(CNPs)can enhance the dispersibility in the solvent under the surfactant SDS,and the EGNRs75%-CNPs were prepared with the functionalized graphene nanobelts(EGNRs)and CNPs under certain conditions,finally the EGNRs75%-CNP/EVA composite film were obtained.The results showed that CNPs in EGNRs75%-CNPs acted as the connection sites,had attracting nanobelts to form 3D network,Which was beneficial to the dispersion of EGNRs75%-CNPs in EVA matrix.Compared with the pure EVA,When the addition of 1.0%EGNRs75%-CNPs,the OTR of EGNRs75%-CNPs/EVA composite film decreased by 67.6%,which resisted to small molecule’ penetration.The permeation rate of EGNRs75%-CNPs/EVA composite film was 0.8%,pv decreased by 8 orders of magnitude.The PANI-FGONRs/PE composite films were prepared by loading aniline monomer onto the functional graphene oxide nanofibers(FGONRs)at low temperature.The results showed that the polyaniline could had a stronger adhesion to the surface of FGONRs when the aniline monomer reacted with the oxidized graphene nanoribbons in an equal amount,then the properties of the composite membranes were analyzed.Compared with the pure PE,when the addition of 0.8%PANI-FGONRs,the OTR of PANI-FGONRs/PE composite film decreased by 65%,which resisted to small molecule’ penetration.When mass fraction of PANI-FGONRs was 0.6%,ρv decreased by 8 orders of magnitude,which showed a good antistatic properties.due to the dispersion of PANI-FGONRs,the mechanical properties of PANI-FGONRs/PE composite film improved.更多还原