【作者】 赵鑫；

【导师】 高宁；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 国际法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的不断发展,人类创造出前所未有的物质财富,但是这种消耗性进步的代价是对我们的生存环境造成了严重的危机。1992年6月3日,联合国在巴西里约热内卢召开了环境与发展会议,大会通过并签署了《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》(简称《里约宣言》),《里约宣言》中共包括27项原则,其中风险预防原则对国际环境法的基本原则的构建,具有里程碑的意义。从英国海上钻井平台爆炸到日本核泄漏,我们可以看出,人们在享受科技带来便利的同时,也使我们的环境饱受摧残,我们应该积极的采取行动来拯救我们赖以生存的环境。越来越多的人们认识到,采取适当的方法提前加以干预而将风险降低是必要的。对风险预防原则加以探索不仅具有理论意义更具有实践意义,本文对风险预防原则进行系统的分析,并力求探讨该原则与中国环境保护政策和立法的互动关系,最终为完善我国的环境保护政策和法律提供相应的建议。本文共分四部分,综合运用历史考察、比较、价值分析等研究方法。文章主要论述《里约宣言》中风险预防原则的基本内涵、在实践时适用的弊端与完善及对当今环境保护的指导意义。第一部分主要介绍了风险预防原则的基本内涵,包括它的概念、意义和国际法律地位。第二部分详细的介绍了风险预防原则的基本内容。第三部分运用比较的方法,对不同国家对风险预防原则的态度和国际社会司法判例进行介绍,阐述了风险预防原则在适用过程中出现的几个关键性问题及完善手段。第四部分在对中国完善风险预防原则的利弊进行分析的基础上,论述了中国关于风险预防原则的立法现状,并对我国如何贯彻风险预防原则提出了一些建议和措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 the continuous development of science and technology,mankind has created unprecedented material wealth,but this consumption of the price of progress to our environment is a serious crisis.On June 3th,1992,the United Nations in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil had a conference on environment and development,the General Assembly adopted and signed the "Environment and Development on the Rio Declaration"(the "Rio Declaration"),the Rio Declaration,the principle of the CPC,including 27,in which the precautionary principle of environmental law,the basic principles of construction,has a milestone significance.Offshore drilling platforms from the UK to Japan nuclear leak explosion,we can see,people enjoy the convenience brought by technology,but it was impossible to measure the risking factors in social environment,how to deal with the various natural or man-made risks posed of human society,we can not avoid the problem.On the basis of the precautionary risk,at a reasonable cost,it is becoming an inevitable choice for many governments,legal sense of the precautionary principle is also not uncommon.Therefore,the study of the "precautionary principle" is not only theoretical significance but also more practical significance,this article is intended for system of risk analysis of the precautionary principle,and seeking to explore the Chinese environmental protection principles and the interaction between policy and legislation,and ultimately to improve and make our environmental protection policies and laws perfect to provide the corresponding recommendations.This paper is divided into four parts,the integrated use of historical research,compare,value analysis and other research methods.This paper mainly discusses the "Rio Declaration" precautionary principle and the basic content of the construction of ecological civilization in today’s China guide.The first part introduces the "Rio Declaration" of the basic framework of the Rio Declaration,which in the international legal status of environmental legislation,in which the precautionary principle and its manifestation and importance.The second part describes in details of the basic theory of the precautionary principle,including the origins of the precautionary principle,the meaning of the applicable conditions and the methods by value analysis,discussion of the precautionary principle behind the hidden potential benefits.The third part of the useof comparative methods to analyze the different countries and regions for the position of the precautionary principle and by the jurisprudence of the international community for a presentation of the precautionary principle of international legal status.The fourth part of the introduction of the precautionary principle of China’s advantages and disadvantages based on the analysis,discussing the legislative status of the precautionary principle of China,and how to improve the ecological civilization precautionary principle putting forward some suggestions for the improvement and measures.更多还原