【作者】 孙杰；

【导师】 俞树毅；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 论文重点对我国民事诉讼中当事人适格问题进行研究,立足于一般性当事人适格,并对公益诉讼分析,剖析现行群体诉讼方式的局限性,找出其在司法实践中很少适用的原因,与他国和中国台湾地区在民事纠纷解决机制中当事人适格的规定比较,总结出构建和完善我国当事人适格制度的意见,最后,期望通过合理配置诉讼实施权,使当事人个人利益和社会公共利益受损时都能得到司法救济。论文具体分为四个部分,第一部分通过借鉴司法实务中的两个案例引出有关当事人适格问题之一:我国对民事诉讼当事人适格没有具体定义,也未具体区别当事人起诉条件和诉讼要件;以法院审理查明的结果而不是以案件中原告起诉时主张的诉讼请求、事实和理由作为判断当事人适格与否的标准,已经成为当前民事诉讼司法实践中的一大误区,也是导致当事人起诉难的主要原因;在结合现代型诉讼需要的基础上,提出第二个相关问题:当前我国群体诉讼机制并不健全,代表人诉讼制度几乎被搁置,当事人表达利益诉求的渠道不够通畅,尤其是现代型诉讼,诉讼主体与民事主体发生分离的状况下,有待当事人适格的进一步扩张。文章在第二部分对一般性的当事人适格进行概述,具体阐明其内涵、辨别标准,理论基础,各国相关立法与理论状况。第三部分,对特殊性的当事人适格,尤其是我国群体诉讼当事人适格的现状进行研究,在肯定有关公益诉讼当事人适格立法创新的基础上,发现并剖析具体问题。通过分析可知,代表人诉讼关于当事人适格规定的局限性、群体纠纷中所涉及的诉权问题,都将制约着我国群体诉讼当事人适格理论的发展。为了保障我国群体诉讼当事人适格,对包括美国、德国、日本、瑞典等国家及中国台湾地区的群体性诉讼中当事人适格规定进行比较分析。第四部分,针对我国民事诉讼关于当事人适格的问题,借鉴域外经验,提出保障措施。首先,对我国民事诉讼法119条的起诉条件提出完善建议;其次,主张以直接利益为主合理配置诉讼实施权;再次,通过减轻诉讼费用和对诉讼主体的合理约束,来调动当事人或第三人参与诉讼的积极性;最后,强调在新的时代背景下要正确处理行政公益诉讼与民事公益诉讼的关系,重视两者在特殊条件下的转化,此时行政机关身份和地位的变化,以便采取更合理高效的诉讼方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation focuses on the issue of the appropriateness of the parties involv ed in the civil lawsuit in China,bases their qualificat ions on the general parties,analyzes the public interest lit igat ion,analyzes the limit ations of the existing group lit igat ion methods,and finds out the reasons why it rarely applies in jud icial practice.Comparing with other parties’ regulat ions in civ il dispute resolution mechanisms in other countries,summarizing the opinions on the construction and perfection of the legal system for the parties in China,and f inally,expecting to rationalize the enforcement rights of lit igants so that the indiv idual interests and public interests of the parties Judicial relief can be obtained when damaged.The paper is divided into four parts.The first part draws one of the questions about the appropriateness of the parties by referring to two cases in judicial practice: China has no sp ecific defin ition of the litig ants in civ il lit igat ion,nor does it specifically d istingu ish between the parties’ prosecution conditions and litig ation requ irements.It is a major misunderstanding in the current jud icial practice of civil lit igat ion that the results of the court’s investigation rather than the claims,facts,and grounds of the lit igat ion claimed by the plaint iff in the case have been the criteria for judg ing the suitab ility of the parties.The main reason for this difficulty is to combine t he needs of modern lawsuits with the second related question: The current group lit igat ion mechanism in China is not perfect,the representative lit igat ion system is almost shelved,and the channels for the parties to express interest appeals are not smooth enough,especially The modern lawsuit,the separation of the subject of the lawsuit and the civil subject,is subject to the further expansion of the parties.In the second part,the article outlines the generality of general part ies,specifically expounding their connotations,standards for identif ication,theoretical bas is,and the state of relevant leg islat ion and theories in various countries.In the third part,we study the particularity of the parties involv ed,especially the status of the lit igants in our country’s lit igat ion lit igat ion,and ident ify and analyze the specific issues on the basis of affirming the appropriate legislat ive innovat ion of the public interest litigat ion parties in Ch ina.Through analysis,we can see that the lim itations of the person’s lit igat ion on the parties’ proper rules and the rights of the litig ation invo lved in group disputes will all restrict the development of the appropriate theory of the lit igants in the group litig ation in Chin a.In order to ensure the suitability of the litig ants in our country’s lit igat ion,a comparative analysis of the party’s regulatory provisions in the group lit igat ion includ ing the Un ited States,Germany,Japan,Sweden,and China Taiwan is conducted.In the fourth part,aiming at the issue of the appropriateness of the parties in our country’s civil lawsuit,we draw lessons from extraterritorial exper ience and put forward safeguard measures.First of all,it puts forward sound suggestions for the prosecution conditions of 119 articles of our country’s civil procedure law;secondly,it advocates that the right of lit igat ion imp lem entation should be rationally allocated based on direct interests;again,the parties or the third party should be mobilized by mit igat ing lit igat ion costs and reasonable restraints on lit igat ion subjects.The enthusiasm of people to participate in lit igat ion;Finally,it proposes to correctly handle the relat ionship between administrative pub lic interest litigat ion and civil public interest litig ation under the new era background,and pay attention to the transformation of the two under special conditions.At this time,the status and status of the administrative organs have changed in order to take More reasonable and efficient litigation.更多还原