【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 吕义清；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 地质资源与地质工程， 2018， 硕士

【副题名】以山西省风峁顶为例

【摘要】 煤炭是中国的重要能源之一,大量的煤炭开采在为国民经济的发展做出重大贡献同时,也引发了一系列的环境问题和社会问题。煤层被开采后,周围岩层原有的力学平衡被打破,在自重的作用下,岩层逐渐会发生弯曲、张裂和冒落等现象,上覆岩层变形继续延伸到地表,会引起地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害,对地表及其地表构建物造成破坏。山区地形变化多样,地质构造繁杂,煤矿开采导致的斜坡变形破坏时有发生,严重威胁着周边人民的生命财产安全。断层作为一种常见的地质构造,两侧一定范围内的岩石一般较为破碎,其强度远小于周围连续岩层的强度,断层的存在使得斜坡变形破坏情况更加复杂。本文以具有代表性的山西省中西部山区风峁顶为研究区,对正断层条件下地下采煤引起的斜坡变形进行模拟研究。主要工作如下:(1)以研究区为原型,建立数值模型,然后改变模型正断层的断距、倾向、倾角得到新的9个数值模型,采用MIDAS/GTS进行数值模拟,并根据模拟结果讨论正断层对地下采煤引起斜坡变形的影响。(2)在自然条件中正断层往往成组出现,所以建立4个模型分别为无正断层、有一条正断层、两条正断层、三条正断层,并将其进行对比分析,研究断层的叠加效应,讨论正断层的数量对地下采煤引起斜坡变形的影响。(3)以实地调研、实验室物理力学测定得到的资料为出发点,进行了相似材料模拟试验,从开采沉陷的角度研究正断层存在的条件下,斜坡内部岩层移动规律和地表破坏特征。(4)对研究区地质构造、上覆黄土性质以及斜坡变形特征进行分析,总结了山西省古交一带正断层对采煤引起斜坡变形的影响及规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal is one of the most important sources of energy in China.A large number of coal mining has made a great contribution to the development of the national economy,and it has also caused a series of environmental and social problems.After the coal seam is mined,the original mechanical balance of the surrounding rock layer is broken.Under the action of self weight,the strata will gradually bend,crack and fall,and the overlying strata deformation continues to extend to the surface,which will cause ground collapse,ground cracks and other geological disasters,causing damage to the surface and surface construction.The mountain terrain is varied and the geological structure is complex.The slope deformation and damage caused by coal mining is a serious threat to the safety of life and property of the surrounding people.As a common geological structure,the rock in a certain range is generally relatively broken,its strength is far less than the strength of the surrounding rock,and the existence of the fault makes the deformation and failure of the slope more complicated.In this paper,the wind and hilly top of the central and western mountainous area of Shanxi province is considered as the research area,and the slope deformation caused by underground mining under the normal fault condition is simulated.The main work is as follows:(1)Taking the study area as the prototype,the main characteristics oflithology,rock dip angle and slope in the area are retained,and 10 numerical models are established from the fault distance,inclination,dip angle and three aspects of the normal fault.The numerical simulation is carried out by MIDAS/GTS,and according to the simulation results,the slope changes from the normal fault to the underground mining from these three aspects.The influence of shape.(2)In natural conditions normal faults often appear in groups,so four models of non positive faults,a normal fault,two normal faults and three normal faults are compared and analyzed to further study the superposition effect of the fault,and discuss the effect of the number of normal faults on the slope deformation caused by underground mining.(3)Based on the data obtained from field investigation and laboratory physical and mechanical measurement,the simulation test of similar materials was carried out.Under the condition of the existence of normal fault from the angle of mining subsidence,the movement law of the inner rock layer and the surface failure characteristics of the slope were studied.(4)The geological structure of the study area,the properties of overlying loess and the characteristics of the slope deformation are analyzed,and the effects and laws of the positive faults on the slope deformation caused by coal mining in Gujiao,Shanxi province are summarized.更多还原