【作者】 罗玉英；

【导师】 唐启源； 张长华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 烟蚜茧蜂是烟蚜的优势寄生性天敌,对烟蚜具有良好的控制作用,并具有经济、环保的优势。通过烟蚜种群消长规律到烟蚜茧蜂繁放技术推广的成体系研究,能够在烟蚜防治中发挥更好的经济、社会和生态效益。因此,在研究凤冈县烟蚜种群消长规律的基础上,根据当地气候条件研究烟蚜茧蜂繁殖技术,进而找到适合本地烟蚜茧蜂推广的运行模式和放蜂模式,具有良好的针对性、适用性和可行性。凤冈县有翅蚜迁飞高峰主要发生在5月中上旬、6月中下旬,两次迁飞高峰间隔30d左右,降雨是有翅蚜迁飞的制约因素。从烟蚜田间种群数量来看,两次种群数量高峰分别出现在5月下旬和6月中旬,两次高峰间隔一般在30d左右。蚜传病病情指数在整体上呈逐年上升趋势。2015年,蚜传病的发展速度和病情指数均较之前两年高,蚜传病病情指数最高达到6以上,而往年一般在4以下。烟蚜天敌种群数量高峰一般出现在烟蚜种群数量高峰发生的10d内,其中烟蚜茧蜂种群消长与烟蚜种群变化的相关性较强。从放蜂成本来看,僵蚜苗放蜂成本最低,为58.5元/hm~2,远低于露地小拱棚放蜂的183.45元/hm~2和成蜂释放的585.75元/hm~2。而从放蜂效果来看,防治效果持续性最强的是露地小拱棚放蜂,在放蜂后25d时的僵蚜率达到20.79%。综合比较成本与防治效果,尽管露地小拱棚模式的烟蚜数、僵蚜数和僵蚜率均高于僵蚜苗模式,但是综合考虑到示范推广的成本因素,采用僵蚜苗放蜂的效果更优。烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜项目在凤冈经过多年的示范推广,在烤烟和大农业的推广应用中取得良好的综合效益。在防治效果上,2013-2016年示范区无翅蚜数量较对照区分别减少2.7头/株、5.3头/株、4.4头/株和4.1头/株;僵蚜数量分别增加1.7头/株、1头/株、0.9头/株和1.2头/株。比较经济效益,2014-2016年示范区总成本较对照区分别减少166.2元/hm~2、264.6元/hm~2和302.4元/hm~2;烤烟种植示范区产值、新增利润、新增烟叶税、新增增值税累计达到319.55万元。在社会效益上,2013-2016年获利都在100元/人/年以上,四年获利达到220元/人/年。从环境效益来看,2016年基本实现烤烟种植示范区无农药施用、无烟叶农残检出。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aphidus gifuensis is a dominant natural enemy of Myzus persicae playing an important role in controlling Myzus persicae,and it has economic and environmental advantages to combate Myzus persicae by using of A.gifuensis.The system research on population fluctuation patterns of Myzus persicae and technology promotion of reproduction and release of A.gifuensis,can play a better economic,social and ecological benefits in the prevention and control of Myzus persicae,therefore,based on the research on population fluctuation patterns of Myzus persicae in Fenggang country,it has good pertinence,applicability and feasibility to study the reproduction techniques of A.gifuensis,and then find a suitable running and releasing mode according to local climatic conditions.The alate aphids migration peak appeared in early-mid May and late-mid June in Fenggang,and the interval between these two migration peak was 30 days or so,moreover,the rainfall was the restricting factor for alate aphids migration.In view of the Myzus persicae number in field,there were two populations peak,which occurred in late May and mid June,and the interval was also 30 days or so in general.The disease index of aphid transmitted disease showed a rising trend year by year.At 2015,the development rate and disease index were higher than those in the last two years,and the disease index peak at 2015was higher than 6 when they were less than 4 in 2013 and 2014.The natural enemies population peak of generally appeared within 10 days after the Myzus persicae peak.There was a stronger correlation between the fluctuation of A.gifuensis population and the variation of Myzus persicae population.From a release cost point of A.gifuensis,the release cost of mummified aphids reached58.5 yuan/hm~2,which was far lower than those at small arch shed and adult period,which were 183.45 yuan/hm~2 and 585.75 yuan/hm~2 respectively.From the release effects,there were good control effects at small arch shed,and the ratio of mummified aphid could reach20.79%in 25 days.Based on the overall evaluation of cost and effects,the Myzus persicae number,the mummified aphids number and the rate of mummified aphids at small arch shed mode were higher than those at mummified aphids seedling,nevertheless,considering the cost factors of demonstration and popularization,it was better to release A.gifuensis at mummified aphid seedling.After years of demonstration and promotion in Fenggang,the project of Myzus persicae controling by using A.gifuensis brought good comprehensive benefits to flue-cured tobacco production and big agriculture.The control effect showed as below,from 2013 to 2016,compared with the control area,the number of aphids in the demonstration area was reduced by 2.7 per plant,5.3 per plant,4.4 per plant and 4.1per plant,the number of mummy aphid increased 1.7 per plant,1 per plant,0.9 per plant and 1.2 per plant.By comparing the economic benefits,from 2013 to 2015,the total cost of the demonstration area was reduced by 166.2 yuan/hm~2,264.6 yuan/hm~2 and 302.4 yuan/hm~2 compared with control area,and the output value,new profits,new flue-cured tobacco leaf tax and new value-added tax of demonstration area was totally 3.1955 million yuan.On social point,from 2013 to 2016,the profits were more than 100 yuan/person/year,the profit in the past four years was 220yuan/person/year.From the point of view of environmental benefit,at 2016,the goal of no pesticides and pesticide residues in tobacco free detection was almost reached in flue-cured tobacco demonstration area.更多还原