陕西省企业股份有限公司研究（1940-1949）

【作者】 杨玲玲；

【导师】 杜海斌；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 陕西省企业股份有限公司是全面抗战以后,在陕西省政府主导下成立以企业公司形式的省营经济组织,是抗战时期西北尤其是陕西重要的国有事业单位。它存在时间贯穿于整个20世纪40年代。陕西企业公司是陕西省唯一的省营事业单位,也是西北地区唯一集生产和贸易为一体的国有经济组织。在它存在的近十年时间,对于陕西省乃至西北地区的经济发展产生了一定的影响。近代以来,整个西北地区的工业发展远远落后于沿海地带,其近代工业真正进入发展阶段,始于20世纪30年代,“七七事变”以后,西北西南地区成为抗战大后方,沿海工业大规模内迁,促使大后方的工业发展,达到了全面发展。此时政府为了满足抗战建国的需要,制定一系列的经济政策,大力发展大后方的社会经济,尤其是工矿事业。随着国家对大后方经济的扶持,后方各省为了集中人力物力财力,为抗战做军需保障,同时也抓住此次机会,大力发展本省生产事业。因此大后方在抗战时期,兴起了众多的省营企业经济组织,它是抗战时期国有经济的重要组成部分。陕西省企业公司是应时代之需要而生。陕西是战区与大后方的交集过渡地区,地位突出。大后方人口涌入,此时市场上的产品不能满足社会需求,供给军需民用,急需解决市场供给。此间,贵州省率先成立了企业公司并取得了成效,这就给其他各省起了示范作用。陕西省企业股份有限公司于1940年12月1日在陕西省西安市正式成立。该企业公司业务开展两大部分,一是贸易业务,主要将本省的棉花、土布等特产运销川渝甘地区,从川渝购运回糖纸等日常用品,从甘肃购回工业原料,还抢购沦陷区的产品以供给军需民用,为了能更好开展贸易业务,企业公司在川甘豫陕等地设立办事处。贸易业务的发展经历了活跃、紧缩和结束三阶段。二是生产事业,有单独投资建厂,主要根据西北地区的资源以及军需民用所急需要开办产业,生产业务范围较为广泛;有合资厂矿,陕西省企业公司作为省营经济组织,自应带动其他工业的发展,因为对于陕西省所需生产事业,具有发展前途的公司厂矿进行投资,或派人参与其中进行管理,一是对工业发展的提倡鼓励,二来是进行投资盈利。但1945年抗战胜利以后,受到多方因素的影响,陕西省企业公司逐渐走向了衰落。战后大后方的工业发展受到冲击,公司资金周转不灵,部分厂矿停工,贸易业务彻底结束;另外政府要求进行紧缩机构,遣散人员;其后受国内战争的影响、政治重心的转移和经济形势的恶化。到1949年,陕西省企业公司仅有化学工厂还在勉强维持生产。西安解放后,陕西省企业公司被接收,更名为“关中企业公司”,宣告陕西企业公司的破产。陕西省企业公司存在的近十年时间里,它虽是整个西北地区最大的省营企业,但受到时代环境的影响和自身无法规避的问题,最终走上了结束之路。但是在支援抗战,保证军需物资,加强省际物资流通,供应民生需求,甚至对陕西工业的发展之影响是非常深刻的。它也是抗战时期大后方省营企业经济的一个缩影,省营企业在抗战时期形成了国有经济的一个重要组成部分,但是在抗战后迅速的走向衰落,在1949年大部分省营企业都结束了生产,这也反映出该经济体系是应战而生。陕西省企业公司在一定程度上满足社会的需求,为西北近代工业发展做出了贡献,为今天企业的发展提供借鉴,作为公营事业单位,如何适应不断变化的社会经济发展。但是碍于主客观原因,陕西省企业公司没有将省营经济单位的作用充分发挥出来。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shaanxi Province Enterprise Company Limited was a province-operating economical organization which was set up after full-scale anti-Japanese war through the domination of Shaanxi provincial government.It existed in the form of enterprise company and was an important state-owned institution of Northwest China in Anti-Japanese War period,especially in Shaanxi province.It existed throughout the entire 1940s and its main business contained two major aspects.The first was trade business and the second was production business.Shaanxi province Enterprise company,during the ten years of its existence,had a certain influence on the economical development of Shaanxi province and even northwest region especially the development of industrial and mineral industry.Since modern times,the industry development of entire northwest region lagged far behind coastal areas.Its modern industry Modern industry started late,the industrial base was weak,and the development was slow.And its modern industry entering developmental stage in its true sense started in 1930s.especially after the July 7 Incident of 1937,plenty of land was occupied and southwest and northwest region of china became home front for anti-Japanese war.Industry especially the coastal industry moved to the interior.this prompted industry development of northwest region and culminated all-rounded development.The types of industrial and mining enterprises began to be sound,and the technology,equipment and personnel brought by the internal migration industry laid the foundation for industrial development in the northwest region.In the context of the war,the national government formulated a series of economic policies in order to fight against the needs of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and vigorously developed the social economy in the rear area,especially the mining and mining industry.The national government continued the policy of exploitation and construction of northwest which was promulgated before A full-scale war of resistance broke out.As the nation’s economical support for the home front,on the one hand,this aimed to concentrate manpower material resources and did military preparation for the war of resistance:on the other hand,the provinces in the home front seized the opportunity to develop its own production enterprise.Therefore,in the Anti-Japanese War period,a large number of economic organizations of provincial enterprises were established.It is an important component of the national economy during the Anti-Japanese War.Shaanxi Province Enterprise Company Limited was established in the need of age.At this time,the state policy strongly supported the development of industry,and the northwest region situated a prominent position on the Anti-Japanese War home front,especially Shaanxi province was an Intersection area for war zone and home front.But At this time,the industrial products on the market cannot meet the social needs.Meanwhile,the establishment of enterprise corporation in Guizhou province led other provinces to following suit.Therefore,Shaanxi Province Enterprise Corporation Limited was formally established in xi ’an,Shaanxi province on December 1,1940.Its predecessor was the supply and Marketing Department.Its founding purpose was to respond to the great cause of anti-Japanese war and establishing a new state,to develop the resources of the province,and to adjust the supply and demand of people’s livelihood.Its founding capital totally came from the official financial resources.Relatively speaking,it was abundant,from original 20 million to 30 million in 1942.This enterprise corporation’s business carried out into two sections.One is trade business,mainly transporting and selling cottons,homespun to Sichuan,Chongqing and Gansu region.Meanwhile it bought and carried sugar,paper and other everyday items from Sichuan and Chongqing;industrial raw materials from Gansu;and bought up products from occupied area to supply military need and civil use.For a better trading business,the enterprise set up offices in Sichuan,Gansu,Henan,Shaanxi and other places.The other is productive enterprises.It mainly consists of two aspects.First,the Shaanxi provincial enterprise company invested by itself in the construction of factories and mines,Mainly according to the resources of the northwest region and the military needs of the civilian industry.it mainly involved in heavy industry and the production business scope is rather extensive.The second is joint venture of factories and mines.Shaanxi Province Enterprise Corporation,as a province operating economical organization,itself should promote the development of other industries,Because of the investment in the production enterprise which is needed in Shaanxi province,or the investment of the company with the development prospect,or the personnel involved in the management.The first is to encourage the development of industry,and the second is to make investment profit.According to the needs of the society and its own situation,the company flexibly carried out businesses,improved its own organizational structure and implemented strict management systems,so that all business activities can be carried out in an orderly manner.However,After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945,Shaanxi Province Enterprise Company Limited declined gradually.Due to the impact of industrial development and the capital turnover was not good,some factories and mines were shut down,the trade business was completely stopped,and the government required crunching agencies and demobilization.With the influence of civil war,the shift in political gravity and the deterioration of the economic situation,by 1949,Only chemical factories in Shaanxi Province Enterprise Company Limited were still struggling to maintain production.Although that corporation wanted to resume production of Cement factory,dyeing and weaving factory,etc.,it did not make it come true.After the liberation of xi ’an,Shaanxi Province Enterprise Corporation was taken over,Then it was renamed Guan zhong enterprises,declaring the bankruptcy of Company Limited of Shaanxi enterprises.Company Limited of Shaanxi enterprises,during the ten years of its existence,could be called the biggest province operating company in northwest region.But due to the social and economic background and the inevitable problems in itself,it finally came to an end.But it had a profound influence on supporting the Anti-Japanese War,ensuring military supplies,promoting interprovincial material circulation,supplying people’s livelihood needs,even the development of Shaanxi industry.It was a microcosm of province operating enterprise economy in the rear of the Anti-Japanese War period.The province operating enterprise formed an important part of the state-owned economy during the Anti-Japanese War.But it declined rapidly after the Anti-Japanese War and most of the province operating companies stopped production in 1949.It reflected that its economical system was generated with war.Company Limited of Shaanxi enterprises met social need to some degrees,made a contribution to modern industry development of northwest,and provides reference for today’s enterprise development.But because of the subjective and objective reasons,it did not exhibit the effect of province operating economy to its full potential更多还原