【作者】 张华；

【导师】 康晓慧；

【作者基本信息】 西南科技大学 ， 生物学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 小檗是小麦条锈的转主寄主之一,并在我国小麦条锈病致病性变异产生新菌系和小麦条锈病的发生过程中起作用,条锈菌在主要寄主小麦上形成夏孢子、冬孢子和担孢子,完成无性繁殖,冬孢子在转主寄主小檗上产生锈孢子和性孢子,完成有性繁殖。据记载,新疆维吾尔自治区地处我国西部,是我国小麦条锈菌的越夏和越冬场所。新疆新源县地处西北边陲,四面环山,可形成一个独立的生态区,异果小檗和小麦均有锈病发生,具有条锈菌完整的生活史。但对于异果小檗的锈子器与当地小麦条锈是否具有菌源相关性仍缺乏相关研究和报导。本文针对小麦锈病多发区和异果小檗林众多的新疆新源县进行调查和采样,对寄主在异果小檗和小麦叶片上的6 00多个小麦条锈菌和小檗条锈菌使用S S R分子标记进行相关性研究。同时,使用相同方法,对2 0 1 7年的华中、华北和华南地区的小麦条锈菌进行遗传相关性分析。具体结果如下:1.新疆新源县异果小檗和小麦条锈菌的遗传相关性分析对源自新疆伊宁地区2种寄主的1 87个条锈菌样本进行遗传多样性相关性分析,使用P op pr软件进行数据分析,结果表明在新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁州新源县那拉提镇的异果小檗丛中,春小麦Mo r oc c o的条锈菌和异果小檗的条锈菌存在菌源交流。异果小檗是小麦Mo ro c c o条锈菌的转主寄主,结合发病时间,可推测条锈菌的侵染关系是异果小檗-春麦Mo ro cc o-大田春麦。同时,分析了新疆伊宁、甘肃、西藏林芝地区小麦条锈菌的菌源相关性。结果表明,西藏与其他两个条锈菌群体间存在明显差异。2.S S R分子标记分析新疆毗邻地区及条锈病多发区小麦条锈菌的遗传多样性利用S S R分子标记对小麦条锈菌进行群体遗传分析,研究结果表明西北、西南、华中3个区域共35 4个不同品种小麦条锈菌的遗传多样性均较丰富。在大区域的群体之间,小麦条锈菌的遗传多样性水平存在差异,群体间和群体内都存在着一定的遗传分化,遗传变异主要存在于群体内部。四川、云南、贵州与鄂西北、江苏、华北菌源相关性相对西北部较高。甘肃及附近地区的小麦条锈菌为有性遗传群体。初步推测,20 17年华中地区的小麦条锈菌,主要由我国西南部地区传播过去。3.使用S S R分子标记分析四川稻城县桑堆镇小麦与大麦条锈的遗传多样性将小麦条锈菌,大麦条锈菌在温室进行转主寄主,再分为48个小群体进行SS R分析,结果显示在适宜的条件下,大麦和小麦之间能够相互进行条锈菌相互接种有一定的菌源交流。小麦种群内部的条锈菌遗传多样性较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinjiang Yili prefecture of Xinjiang uygur autonomous region Xinyuan county is located in the northwest of our country.It is surrounded.It can form an independent ecological zones,wheat stripe rust is also one of the main diseases for local wheat production.Studies have confirmed that the barberry is one of the aLternate master of wheat stripe rust,and wheat stripe rust in our country new strains pathogenic mutations and play a role in the process of the occurrence of wheat stripe rust.In the Xinjiang,wheat variety and quantity is numerous.It has a wide distribution.For the berberis rust cupula of Xinjiang and wheat stripe rust,there are correlation or not that still lock of relevant research and reporting.For wheat rust incidence and berberis at X inyuan,we investigate and sample here.And conduct correclation studies.Based on wheat rust incidence and B.het eropo da Schneid numerous at Xinyuan county in Xinjiang conducting investigation and samp ling.The 600 of wheat stripe rust and berberis article rust correlation on B.heteropoda Schneid and wheat leaf was studied using SSR molecular markers.At the same time,genetic correlation analysis was carried out on wheat stripe rust in central,north and south China in 2017.It turns out:1.Genetic correlation analysis of the rusts of B.heteropoda Schneid and wheat in Xinyuan county,Xinjiang.Originating in yining,xinjiang region two host of article 18 7 of the rust sample correlation analysis of genetic diversity.Using Poppr software for data analysis.The results show that in the clump of B.heteropoda Schneid at the town of Nalati,The stripe rust fungus of Morocco and the stripe rust fungus of the B.hete ropoda Schneid have the source communication.It is the main host of wheat stripe rust fungus.In combination with the time of onset,it can be speculated that the infection relationship of stripe rust fungus is the mulberry-Morocco-spring wheat in the field.At the same time,the correlation of wheat stripe rust in linzhi、xinjiang and Gansu were analyzed.The results showed that there was a significant difference between Tibet and two other groups.2.The genetic diversity of wheat stripe rust near the Xinjiang was analyzed by SSR molecular markers.Genetic analy、is of wheat stripe rust was carried out using SSR molecular markers.The results showed that the genetic diversity of wheat stripe rust was more abundant in 3 5 4 different cultivar s in the northwest,southwest and central China.There was a difference in the genetic diversity of wheat stripe rust in large area.There is a certain genetic differentiation between groups and group s.Genetic variation mainly exists within the group.Relative northwest,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou and northwest of Hubei,Jangsu,north China bacteria source correlation is higher.The wheat stripe rust is a sex genetic group in Gansu and the surrounding area.Preliminary speculations that the wheat stripe rust fungus in central China is mainly transmitted by the southwest region of China in 2017.3.Genetic diversity of wheat and barley stripe rust was analyzed using SSR molecular markers at Sangdui town,Daocheng county,Sichuan province.Wheat stripe rust fungus,barley stripe rust fungus to change the host in the greenhouse.Then divided into 48 small group s to analysis by S S R.The results showed that there was a certain amount of bacterial interaction between barley and wheat under suitable conditions.The genetic diversity of stripe rust was higher in wheat population.更多还原