【作者】 刘晓；

【导师】 侯加林；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 机械系统设计与制造（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文在调研国内外研究现状基础上,针对目前青贮收获、打捆、包膜分开作业,喂入装置易堵塞,抛送性能弱,自动化程度低等问题,研制一种青饲料打捆包膜一体机。主要研究内容如下:(1)确定整机的设计方案。搜集青贮打捆包膜一体机的有关数据与资料,针对我国青贮玉米种植模式以及收获工作的实际需求,通过理论计算与三维建模,制定青饲料收获打捆包膜一体化的总体设计方案。(2)青饲料收获打捆包膜一体机关键部件的设计。割台采用锯齿圆盘型回转式结构,设计梳齿板以避免秸秆缠绕在输送滚筒与拨齿上影响割台正常作业,碾压喂入装置为4辊机构,在强制喂入的过程中将秸秆夹持压紧,保证切割质量;铡切抛送装置的刀盘为轮刀式,抛扔叶片在刀盘上轴向对称分布,动刀片径向等角度分布并位于两个抛扔叶片中间;设计反转磨刀系统,砂轮由油缸控制,实现了在线自动磨刀;打捆装置为液压与机械传动相结合,利于打捆装置的自动控制,压捆室采用闭环卷捆链杆压捆系统,实现圆草捆密度可调,网绳机构采用网绳同步缠绕技术,提高圆草捆成捆质量;包膜装置电控系统采用压力传感器与打捆装置协同配合,实现打捆后自动包膜;机器的驱动底盘为静液压驱动系统,便于一定范围内的无级变速与自动控制;整车监控系统便于实时观察机器的作业状态。(3)铡切抛送装置的仿真模拟与优化。使用CFD软件对不同参数(抛扔叶片数、转速)组合进行数值模拟,得到抛送装置内部气-固流场模型的特征,并在此基础上对抛扔叶片数、转速进行优化,确定最佳转速为1300 r/min与抛扔叶片数量为12。(4)样机试制与试验。在山东一能重工有限公司进行样机的试制,并进行了铡切抛送性能试验与包膜性能试验。结果表明,碎秸秆长度相对累积质量分布符合对数正态关系,标准草长率95%,主要指标符合青贮工艺与样机试制要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the research of domestic and overseas research,this paper aims at the problems of the current silage harvesting,baling and envelop separate operation,the feeding device is easily blocked,the delivery performance is weak,low-level automatization etc.The main research content is as follow:(1)Determined the overall design scheme.To collect data and information about the single pass silage round wrapping machine,in view of the actual demand of silage corn planting pattern and harvesting work in China,through the theoretical calculation and 3D modeling,and determined the single pass silage round wrapping machine overall design scheme.(2)Design of key components of the single pass silage round wrapping machine.Header adopts s a sawtooth disk rotary structure,design the comb plate in order to avoid the straw winding on the conveyor roller and dial tooth to affect the normal work of the header,crush feeding device is a 4 roll mechanism,in the process of forced feeding straw clamping pressure,ensure the quality of cutting;The cutting and throwing mechanism is the rotary knife type,throw vane axial symmetry distribution on the cutter disc,and the moving knife radial equal angle distribution on the cutter disc and located in the middle of the two throwing blades.Design reverse grinding system,the grinding wheel is controlled by the oil cylinder,realized the online automatic sharpener.Baling device for hydraulic and mechanical transmission,benefit for the automatic control of the baling,baling chamber adopts closed loop coil rod bundle chain baling system,realized the round bale density is adjustable,using net twine net twine synchronous winding technology,improve the quality of round bale into a bundle;The electric control system of the wrapping device uses the pressure sensor to cooperate with the baling device to realize the automatic wrapping after baling.The drive chassis of the machine is the static hydraulic drive system,which is convenient for the stepless speed change and automatic control in a certain range.The vehicle monitoring system is easy to observe the operation state of the machine in real time.(3)Simulation and optimization of cutting and throwing device.Using CFD for different parameters(the number of thrown vane,speed)combined to carry out the numerical simulation,get the thrown device characteristics of internal gas-solid flow field model,and on this basis to optimize the number of the throw vane,speed,determine the best speed is 1300 r/min and throw vane number is 12.(4)Prototype development and performance experiments.Trial manufacture of a prototype and performance experiments in Shandong Yineng heavy industry Co.,Ltd.The results show that the relative cumulative mass distribution of the broken straw is in a logarithmic normal relation,theoretical length of cut is 95%,and the main indexes are in accordance with the requirements of the silage and the prototype trial requirement.更多还原