【作者】 周静；

【导师】 龚向和；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 高校招生指标分配政策作为我国高校招生制度的重要组成部分,有着深厚的历史渊源,从科举考试“凭才取人”的标准到现在以地域作为配额的标准,一直随着“招生目的”的改变而不断作出调整。高校在实行普通本科招生时主要是根据地区来事先分配录取指标,并且普遍存在分配招生指标给高校所在地区多于其他地区的现象,这样一种高校招生指标分配政策容易引发严重的招生本地化、高考移民以及社会矛盾激化等问题,造成上述问题的主要原因在于高校过度依赖地方财政、内部人事牵制、高校自身利益选择以及高等教育资源分配不均等。一项法律制度是否达到了宪法的要求,是否符合宪法精神,既要考察其在形式上是否合宪,又要考察其实质是否合宪。现行高校招生指标分配政策最大的争议在于国家公权力的干预与考生受教育权平等保护之间的博弈。从形式合宪的角度来说,高校通过制定招生计划、招生章程等分配招生指标的行为违反了法律保留原则;从实质合宪的角度来说,现行高校按地区不合理分配招生指标的招生行为严重侵犯了考生的受教育权,违反了比例原则。因此,针对高校招生指标分配政策的上述合宪性质疑,本文认为必须要将教育公平原则落实到高校招生指标分配政策的改革进程中,分别从立法、制度以及司法救济等方面提出了相应合宪性对策。首先,应当遵循宪法和法律对受教育权的形式限制,即确立受教育权的法律保留原则以及制定招生考试法。其次,加强高校招生指标分配政策的制度保障,即实施以区域比例平等为高校招生原则,加大高等教育领域纠偏行动力度,建立高校招生指标听证制度。最后,应完善相应司法救济程序,即扩大教育行政诉讼的司法审查范围,建立法院合宪性问题移送机制等。通过提出上述三方面的合宪性对策,着手保障考生的受教育权,解决我国高校招生指标分配政策的合宪性问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The allocation policy of enrollment index in colleges and universities has profound historical origins in China.From "the standard of the talent" in ancient imperial examination to the region as a quota standard currently,it has been changed and continued to make adjustments with the purpose of enrollment.Colleges and universities in the implementation of ordinary undergraduate enrollment is mainly based on the region to pre-assigned admission indicators,and the indicators allocated to the university area are generally more than those in other regions,such a distribution of college enrollment index.Allocation policy easily leads to some issues,such as serious enrollment localization,college entrance examination immigrants and social conflicts intensified.The main reasons for this problem are that colleges and universities over-reliance on local finance,internal personnel to contain,the choice of college interests and the uneven distribution of higher education resources.Whether a legal system meets the requirements of the Constitution and whether it conforms to the spirit of the constitution should be both formal and constitutional.The most controversial issue in the current allocation policy of college enrollment lies in the game between the intervention of the state power and the equal protection of the right to education.From the form of constitutionally,the practice of assigning enrollment indicators through the development of enrollment programs and enrollment regulations in colleges and universities violates the principle of legal retention From the substantive constitution,the college enrollment index distribution policy violated the higher education right of the candidates,and violated the principle of proportionality.It is necessary to put forward the corresponding constitutional countermeasures from the aspects of legislation,and system。First of all,we should follow the constitutional and legal restrictions on the right to receive education,perfecting the legislation of the distribution system of enrollment indicators in universities,establishing the principle of legal retention of the right to education,developing an entrance examination law.Secondly,strengthen the system guarantee of university enrollment index distribution policy.The system can implement regional equality as the proportion of college enrollment principle,strengthening the action of rectifying deviation in higher education,the establishment of university enrollment index hearing system,finally we should complete the procedures for judicial relief,when conditions are ripe to establish constitutional litigation system,establishing the scope of judicial review of educational administrative litigation,establishing the transfer mechanism of constitutionality of court and so on.The constitutional Countermeasures of the above three aspects are put forward,can solve the constitutionality of the distribution policy of enrollment indexes in China’s universities.更多还原