【作者】 张弛；

【导师】 杨中平；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 电气工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 现代有轨电车系统是城市公共交通的重要组成部分,近年来,在世界范围得到长足的发展。为降低牵引网对城市景观的不利影响,部分城市的现代有轨电车采用车载储能技术。然而,单—储能元件的特性并不能很好的满足有轨电车运行的需求。采用混合储能系统(HESS)是解决单—储能系统存在不足的一种方案。基于此背景,本文针对由电池与超级电容组成的HESS,从容量配置和能量管理策略的优化问题展开研究。论文首先详细分析了混合储能系统的拓扑结构以及系统特性,结合武汉有轨电车T1线的参数进行负载功率的计算,并对有轨电车车载HESS能量管理的影响因素进行了分析,为后续优化研究提供理论依据。其次,论文提出了一种基于NSGA-II算法的容量优化配置方法。该方法通过输入不同站间牵引计算结果,得到不同场景下容量配置优化结果的多目标Pareto解集。不仅直观展现了不同配置结果下目标函数值的变化,还可以通过添加约束获得Pareto解集中最优方案。此外,通过改变有轨电车站间距离,详细分析了不同储能方式的配置结果、适用拓扑结构。由于有轨电车具有特殊的路权属性,论文提出了一种基于V21通讯的混合储能装置能量管理策略。该能量管理策略基于有轨电车站间运行状态,针对不同站间运行曲线,通过动态规划算法(DP)进行离线优化,获得功率分配系数的优化结果。有轨电车在实际运行时,通过车地通讯获得运行状态的预测,通过查表获得相对应地功率分配系数,实现能量管理策略的在线调节。论文通过仿真验证了该策略相较于固定规则策略的优越性。最后,通过有轨电车混合储能系统样机完成了能量管理策略的对比实验。本文提出了一种基于虚拟电池电流的控制策略,实现HESS按比例的功率分配策略。通过上位机设计,实现上位机调节功率分配比例系数的功能。通过对有轨电车负载功率进行缩放,在实验平台验证了本文提出的在线能量管理策略在不同运行状态以及不同载荷工况下的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The modern tram system is an important part of urban public transport.In recent years,it has been greatly developed in the world.In order to eliminate the negative effect of traction net on urban beauty,some cities adopt on-board energy storage technology in their modern trams to reduce the laying of overhead traction wire.However,the tram system cannot be fully satisfied by a single energy storage device.Hybrid energy storage system(HESS)is a solution to solve the shortcomings of a single energy storage system in the tram field.Based on this background,this paper studies the optimization of sizing and energy management strategy for HESS combining batteries and supercapacitors in modern tram.Firstly,the principle and characteristics of the topological structure of HESS and energy storage devices for modern tram are analyzed in detail,and the load power is calculated based on the parameters of Wuhan tram line T1,which provides a theoretical basis for the study of energy management optimization of trams.Secondly,an optimization method of HESS sizing based on NSGA-II is proposed.This method can obtain the multi-objective Pareto solution by entering the results of traction calculation in different scenarios.It not only shows the change of target function values under different sizing results,but also can obtain the optimal solution by adding specific constraints.In addition,the topological structure and the sizing results of HESS are analyzed in detail by changing the distance between the tram stations.Besides,because of the special right-of-way of tram,this paper presents an energy management strategy(EMS)of HESS based on V2I communication.Based on the operation status of trams,the EMS is optimized offline by dynamic programming algorithm(DP)to obtain the optimal power distribution coefficient.In actual operation,the tramcar obtains the prediction of the running status through the V2I communication and obtains the corresponding power distribution coefficient through the look-up table to realize the online adjustment of the EMS.The paper verifies the superiority of this strategy compared with a rule-based strategy through simulations.Finally,a comparative experiment of different EMSs was completed through the HESS prototype of tram.In this paper,a control strategy based on virtual battery current is proposed to realize the proportional power distribution of HESS.The upper monitor is redesigned to realize the function of the upper computer to adjust the ratio coefficient of power distribution.The power of tramcar is scaled,and the validity of the online EMS proposed in this paper is validated under different operating and load conditions.更多还原