【作者】 王媛；

【导师】 侯力；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国经济快速增长,国内生产总值从1978年的3678.7亿元增长到2016年的744127.2亿元,居民收入水平和社会保障水平不断提高,但城乡居民之间以及城市不同群体之间的收入差距问题日益突出,地区间居民享有的基本公共服务水平差异也不断增大。教育、就业创业、社会保险、公共医疗卫生、住房、公共文化体育等基本公共服务供求矛盾突出,是导致区域间基本服务水平差异的重要原因。伴随着经济发展和各项制度的改革,区域间基本公共服务均等化问题越来越受到政府和社会各界的重视。近年来,学术界关于基本公共服务均等化的研究成果日渐丰硕,研究内容不仅涉及国家基本公共服务均等化水平的总体评价,也涉及区域差异的研究,还包括评价指标体系的不断完善,以及均等化路径等政策的深入研究。本文以吉林省为主体,展开初步研究,即在考察吉林省基本公共服务水平在全国的位置的情况下,进一步探讨省内不同地市间的差异,并分析其影响因素和政策含义。从吉林省现实发展状况出发,选取基本教育、基本医疗卫生、社会保障和就业以及基本公共文化四个方面的代表性指标,描述性分析2011-2015年吉林省该四项基本公共服务的总体水平动态演变及与全国相应指标进行对比,并分析省内各地级市上述四项基本公共服务水平的演变。研究发现,2011-2015年,吉林省基本公共服务各项投入基本呈增长趋势,基本公共教育和基本医疗卫生在大多指标上均比全国平均水平好,基本养老保险参保率较高,基本公共文化财政投入和人均设施拥有量高于全国平均水平。省内各地级市中,长春、吉林和白山人均教育资源和人均医疗卫生资源拥有量相对丰富,松原和白城则相对较少。长春和通化在城镇基本养老保险参保率和城镇职工基本医疗保险参保率上相对较高。基本公共文化上,长春、吉林和白山发展水平较好。在此基础上,借鉴已有研究成果,首先构建吉林省与全国其他省区基本公共服务水平评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法,得出综合评价和排序,吉林省基本公共服务水平在全国31个省市中排名第九,处于中等偏上,这与吉林省工业发展基础好、城镇化水平高以及国有经济比重大等具有一定关系。其次,构建吉林省内8个地级市基本公共服务水平评价指标体系,运用熵值法计算综合得分,结论显示,长春和吉林基本公共服务发展水平较高,白城、四平和松原发展水平较低。这与当地经济发展水平和政府财政能力存在一定联系。进一步对吉林省内基本公共服务水平差异的影响因素及影响程度展开分析,以吉林省2011-2015年各个地级市基本公共服务水平的综合得分为因变量,选取代表经济发展水平的人均GDP,代表政府财政能力、管理水平的人均财政收入和财政收支比,代表消费水平的人均消费支出和代表城镇化水平的城镇化率作为自变量,构建计量经济模型进行回归分析,结论显示,人均GDP、财政收支比和城镇化率对吉林省内基本公共服务水平差异有着显著影响。基于此,本文认为,应该从优化产业布局以促进经济增长,完善支出结构以提高财政管理水平,提高城镇化水平以缩小城乡间基本公共服务差距等三个方面,作为吉林省推进基本公共服务均等化的政策方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up,China’s economy has achieved rapid growth.GDP has increased from 367 billion 870 million yuan in 1978 to 74 trillion and 412 billion 720 million yuan in 2016.The income level of residents and the level of social security are improving constantly.But there are income gaps between urban and rural residents and different groups of city.And the problem has become increasingly prominent.The difference of the basic public service level between residents of the region is also increasing.The contradiction between supply and demand of the basic public services such as education,employment and entrepreneurship,social insurance,public health care,housing,public cultural and sports is outstanding,which is the important reason leading to the difference of basic service level between regions.With the economic development and the reform of various systems,the equalization of basic public service between regions has been paid more and more attention by government and community.In recent years,research on the equalization of basic public service is rich in academic circles.The research content involves not only the overall evaluation of the national basic public service equalization level,but also the regional difference research,as well as the continuous improvement of the evaluation index system,and the in-depth study of the equalization path and other policies.This article takes Jilin Province as the main body,launches the preliminary research,investigates the basic public service level of Jilin Province in the whole country,further discusses the difference between different cities,and analyzes its influencing factors and policy implication.Starting from the actual development situation of Jilin Province,the representative indicators of basic education,basic health care,social security and employment and basic public culture were selected.Descriptive analysis was conducted on the overall evolution of the four basic public services in Jilin Province in the past 2011-2015 years and compared with the corresponding national indicators,and analyzes the evolution of the four basic public service levels in the provincial prefectural cities.The study found that the basic public service investment in Jilin Province is increasing in the past 2011-2015 years.Basic public education and basic medical and health care in most indicators are higher than the national average level.The basic pension insurance rate is higher and the financial investment of basic public cultural and per capita facilities are higher than the national average level.The average educational resources and per capita medical and health resources of Changchun city,Jilin city and Baishan city are relatively abundant.Songyuan city and Baicheng city are relatively few.Changchun city and Tonghua city are relatively high in urban basic pension insurance coverage rate and urban workers’ basic medical insurance coverage rate.In basic public culture,the development levels of Changchun city,Jilin city and Baishan city are better.On this basis,based on existing research results,firstly,construct the evaluation index system of the basic public service level of Jilin Province and other provinces and regions of the whole country.Using principal component analysis method,draw a comprehensive evaluation and ranking.The level of basic public service of Jilin Province ranked ninth in 31 provinces and cities in the country,in the middle.This has a certain relationship with good foundation of industrial development,high level of urbanization and the large proportion of state-owned economy in Jilin Province.Secondly,the evaluation index system of basic public service level of 8 prefecture cities in Jilin Province is constructed,and comprehensive scores are calculated by entropy method.The conclusion is that the development levels of basic public service of Changchun city and Jilin city are relatively high,and Baicheng city,Siping city and Songyuan city are relatively low.This is related to the level of local economic development and the financial ability of government.And further analyze the influencing factors and degree affecting the basic public service level in Jilin Province.From 2011-2015 years,the comprehensive scores of the basic public service levels in every city are the dependent variable and select the per capita GDP on behalf of the level of economic development,per capita fiscal revenue and fiscal revenue and expenditure ratio on behalf of the government finance ability and management level,the urbanization rate on behalf of the level of urbanization and per capita consumption expenditure on behalf of the consumption level as independent variables.The econometric model is constructed for regression analysis.The conclusion shows that the per capita GDP,the fiscal revenue and expenditure ratio and the urbanization rate have significant impacts on the basic public service level in Jilin Province.Based on this,this paper thinks should optimize the industrial layout in order to promote economic growth,consummate the expenditure structure to improve the financial management level,and raise the level of urbanization to narrow the basic public service gap between urban and rural areas.These three aspects are the policy directions to promote the equalization of basic public service in Jilin Province.更多还原