【作者】 王东海；

【导师】 张志俭；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 核能科学与工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国核电事业的发展,内陆核电厂未来必将成为一个重要的发展方向。对于百万千万级的内陆核电厂来说,将很有可能采用超大型冷却塔。冷却塔配水的均匀性对冷却塔的冷却效果影响极大,配水系统的优劣直接影响淋水填料能否被合理、有效地利用,进而影响出塔水温。目前国内外关于冷却塔的配水计算与优化研究主要是对配水均匀性和冷却塔散热效果两个方面进行的研究,并没有具体研究如何对配水系统的配水管布置进行有效的调整,并使其均布系数达到较小的方法。因此,针对核电厂超大型冷却塔的特点,从配水系统的水力计算出发,综合考虑反射型、旋转型等喷头类型,结合全塔均匀配水、分区均匀配水的设计方法以及单、双竖井等超大型冷却塔的典型布置型式,选取和采用适合的智能优化算法,研究不同管径配水管自动布置选型的优化方法,快速、准确地得到配水较为均匀的优化设计方案,对提高超大型冷却塔的散热效率、冷端系统整体优化设计、冷端系统设备选型等工作均具有重大的价值和意义。本文通过理论分析和数学推导,汇总整理并完善了核电厂超大型冷却塔配水系统的水力计算方法与相关数学模型;研究与分析了冷却塔配水管的阻力特性,提出了配水系统的简化计算方法;分析研究了超大型冷却塔全塔均匀配水系统和分区均匀配水系统两种典型系统中配水管理想流量系数特性,提出和建立了基于遗传算法的冷却塔配水优化计算方法和数学模型,并结合工程算例进行了计算对比分析与验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of nuclear power in China,inland nuclear power plants will become one of the important developing trends in future.For the 1000 MW nuclear power plant,ultra-large cooling tower will probably be applied.The uniformity of water distribution plays an important role for the cooling effect of cooling tower.Uniformity of water distribution will directly affect the coefficient of fill utilization and the outlet temperature of cooling tower.At present,domestic and foreign study of water distribution calculation and optimization mainly focus on the uniformity and thermolysis effect of cooling tower.But the method to achieve a lower uniformity coefficient through efficiently adjusting for the water distribution piping has not been developed.Therefore,according to the characteristics of the super-large cooling tower in the nuclear power plant,based on hydraulic calculation of the water distribution system,considering the reflective and rotating nozzle types,with design methods of the whole tower uniformed water distribution,uniformed water distribution of each partition as well as single and double shaft and other typical arrangements of super-large cooling tower,appropriate intelligent optimization algorithms was chosen to study optimization method with pipes of different diameters arranged and selected automatically in order to quickly and accurately obtain more uniformed water distribution optimization designs,which is of great value optimal and significance to improve the thermal efficiency of super-large cooling tower,the overall design of the cold-end system,and the selection of equipment in the cold-end system.Hydraulic calculation methods and related mathematical models of water distribution systems for super-large cooling towers in nuclear power plant were reorganized and improved,based on the theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation.Research and analysis were made on hydraulic resistance characteristics of water distribution pipe.A simplified calculation method of water distribution system was developed.Aimed on the uniformed water distribution of the whole tower and uniformed water distribution of each partition of the tower,the ideal flow coefficient characteristics of distribution pipes were analyzed.And optimization methods and mathematical models were proposed and established for water distribution system design based on genetic algorithms.Finally,the calculation and comparison were made to verify the correctness and validity of developed models with the project example.更多还原