【作者】 李凯；

【导师】 张志俭；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 核能科学与工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 我国采取“闭式循环”燃料管理方案,但是目前我国核燃料循环后段尚未形成工业处理能力,我国绝大部分核电厂(轻水堆)乏燃料都是在反应堆乏燃料贮存水池内(在堆水池)进行临时贮存,等待进一步处理或者处置。在堆水池通常只能贮存反应堆正常运行10至20年所卸载的乏燃料,随着机组的运行,在堆水池的贮存容量将逐渐耗尽,为保证核电机组继续正常运行,必须解决核电厂在堆水池贮存容量用尽之后,乏燃料能够进行大规模处理或处置之前的乏燃料贮存和冷却问题。本课题以国家乏燃料核安全研究项目为研究背景,以福清核电厂1、2号机组为研究对象,对各类乏燃料设计贮存方案进行分析比较,确定对于福清核电厂1、2号机组较为适用的乏燃料贮存设施方案设计。首先,本文在对国际上现有乏燃料贮存设施应用情况调研的基础上,结合我国乏燃料管理现状,针对福清核电厂的运行与环境特性,完成了福清核电厂贮存容量需求分析,形成了针对福清核电厂1、2号机组初步设计贮存方案,分别为湿式贮存方案和干式贮存方案。其次,利用概率安全评价方法(Probabilistic Safety Assessment,PSA)对两类备选贮存方案进行评价,量化两类贮存方案的风险水平。对于湿式贮存方案选取丧失水池冷却、丧失水池装量、内部火灾、丧失外部电源、重物坠落作为始发事件进行分析,对于干式贮存方案选取燃料组件坠落、转运罐坠落和地震作为始发事件进行分析。再次,将乏燃料贮存设施全寿期成本构成分为建设成本、运行维护成本、退役和去污成本,从各贮存成本构成角度对两类备选贮存方案进行初步的经济性评价。最后,结合安全性和经济性评价结果对两类贮存方案进行综合对比评价,确定干式贮存方案对于福清核电厂1、2号机组较为适用,完成对于福清核电厂乏燃料贮存设施方案的最终设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fuel management policy of China is “close fuel cycle”,but now China has not yet formed industrial reprocessing capacity,most spent fuel of the nuclear power plant(LWR)is being stored in the spent fuel storage pool(at-reactor pool)temporarily,waiting for further reprocessing or disposal.The designed storage capacity of spent fuel pool is only for nuclear power plant running for ten to twenty years.With the operating of the units,at-reactor storage pool is filled up.Away-from-reactor storage systems would continue to provide a safe interim solution for plants.AFR storage systems are expected to fill in the gap until unlimate reproessing or disposal.This article is part of the national nuclear safety research program for spent fuel.This paper mainly compared viable interim storage spent fuel scheme combining the characteristics of Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant units1 & 2 analysis the various options,and initially identified a suitable spent fuel scheme design for Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant units1 & 2.First of all,on the basis of researching the existing spent fuel storage facilities on the international research program,aligning with spent fuel management status and connecting with operational and environmental characteristics of the Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant,this paper completed storage capacity analysis,and put forward preliminary storage scheme for Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant,including wet storage scheme and dry storage scheme.Secondly,the risk levels of the storage options are calculated in this paper using of probabilistic safety assessment(PSA)method.The initiating events of wet storage plan includes the loss of cooling,the loss of inventory,internal fire,the loss of offsite power and heavy load falls.The initiating events of dry storage plan includes fuel assemblies falls,transport casket falls and earthquake.Thirdly,the spent fuel storage facility lifetime cost is divided into construction costs,operation and maintenance costs,decommissioning and decontamination costs and the preliminary economic evaluation to two types of storage options from the perspective of storage costs is completed in this paper.Finally,combinating of nuclear safety and economical efficiency evaluating results,this paper made a comprehensive evaluation to the two types of storage options and identified the dry plan as the ultimate storage solution plan for the Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant.更多还原