【作者】 张婷；

【导师】 杨在宾；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文研究了小麦全株在不加菌、加乳酸菌和加复合菌的情况下青贮3周、6周和9周的营养价值,比较了不同收获期全株青贮小麦的贮存效果,并且研究了饲喂全株青贮小麦对育肥猪的影响。小麦全株贮存效果研究:选择收获前8～10天的小麦进行收割,对小麦全株进行粉碎,对粉碎后的小麦全株进行裹包青贮。青贮过程中将小麦随机分成三等份,一份不喷洒菌种,一份喷洒乳酸菌,一份喷洒复合菌。分别在贮存3周、6周和9周时,采用五点取样法进行取样,测定PH和各营养物质含量。研究结果表明:小麦全株青贮3周时不加菌、加乳酸菌和加复合菌的全株青贮小麦PH、干物质、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量差异极显著(P<0.01),酸性洗涤纤维含量差异显著(P<0.05);青贮6周和9周时各营养物质含量均出现极显著差异(P<0.01);不加菌、加乳酸菌和加复合菌的小麦全株青贮3周、6周和9周与青贮前小麦全株的各营养物质含量均差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同收获期小麦全株青贮效果研究:小麦收割前18日,按照五点取样法对小麦距离地面5 cm处刈割,收割后对小麦进行裹包青贮,青贮结束后对不同收获时间的青贮小麦全株进行取样测定,比较不同收获时间的小麦全株的青贮效果。研究结果表明:不同收获期全株青贮小麦PH、各营养物质的含量和风干产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白产量和粗脂肪产量差异极显著(P<0.01)。小麦全株青贮饲喂育肥猪的研究:选择汶鑫黑猪育肥猪120头,随机分成2个处理,每个处理6个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组用14%的小麦全株替代基础日粮。测定初始重,结束重,计算平均日增重和料重比。研究结果表明:试验组试验结束重比对照组增加5.8%,平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。选取体重相近的育肥猪24头,随机分为2个处理。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在试验的前期和后期,用20%和40%全株青贮小麦等量替换对照日粮。结果表明:添加20%全株青贮小麦饲喂育肥猪,对照组平均日增重、平均日采食量极显著高于试验组(P<0.01),而试验组料重比极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);添加40%全株青贮小麦饲喂育肥猪,对照组平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比极显著高于试验组(P<0.01)。试验组的板油比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),屠宰率和背膘厚极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),眼肌面积、胃和小肠的重量、肌肉PH和a*值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加乳酸菌和添加复合菌能够加加速青贮过程;添加复合菌的全株小麦青贮效果最好;全株小麦青贮最适宜的收割时间为收获前16天。在日粮中按14%添加全株小麦青贮,能增加日增重,降低料重比;添加40%全株青贮小麦试验组三元猪的生产性能高于20%试验组;日粮中添加全株青贮小麦增加了育肥猪胃和小肠的容积,提高了试验组的胴体性能和肉品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,the nutritive value of whole plant wheat without adding bacteria,adding lactic acid bacteria and adding compound bacteria for 3 weeks,6 weeks and 9 weeks was studied,the storage effect of whole plant wheat in different harvest periods was compared,and the effects of whole plant silage wheat on the fattening pigs were studied.Study on storage effect of whole plant wheat:Wheat when 8 to 10 days before harvest was reaped,and the whole plant wheat was crushed,then the whole plant wheat was packaged and silage.During silage,wheat was randomly divided into three equal parts.One is not sprayed,one is sprayed with lactobacillus,and one is sprayed with compound bacteria.After 3,6 and 9 weeks of storage respectively,five point sampling method was used to determine the content of PH and nutrients.The results show that:There was great significant difference in the PH、the contents of dry matter,crude ash,crude fat,crude protein,crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber of the whole plant silage wheat with no bacteria,lactic acid bacteria and compound bacteria at 3 weeks(P<0.01),and the content of acid detergent fiber was significantly different(P<0.05).The contents of nutrients were great significantly different at 6 weeks and 9 weeks(P<0.01).The contents of nutrients of whole plant wheat at 3 weeks,6 weeks and 9 weeks after silage and before ensiling with no bacteria,lactic acid bacteria and compound bacteria were extremely significant different(P<0.01).Study on silage effects of whole plant wheat at different harvest stages:The wheat was cut 5 cm away from the ground according to the five point sampling method at 18 days before the wheat harvest.The wheat was wrapped and silage after harvesting,the whole plant silage wheat harvested at different harvest times was sampled and determined,and the silage effects of whole plant wheat with different harvest time were compared.The results show that:there were great significant differences in PH and the content of nutrients,air dried yield,dry matter yield,crude protein yield and crude fat yield of whole plant silage wheat at different harvesting stages(P<0.01).Study on the influence of the whole plant silage wheat on the production performance of the Wenxin black fattening pig:120 WenXin black fattening pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates per group.The control was provided with basal diet,and the experimental group replaced the basal diet with 14%of the wheat.Initial weight and final weight were measured,average daily gain and the feed to gain ratio was calculated.The results show that:the final weight of the test group was 5.8%higher than that of the control pigs,the average daily gain was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).24 pigs with similar weight were randomly divided into 2 groups.The control group was fed with basal diet,the experimental group was substituted by 20%and 40%of the whole plant wheat silage at the early and late stage of the experiment.The results show that:The average daily gain and average daily intake of the control pigs were significantly higher than those of the experimental group by adding 20%whole plant silage wheat to the fattening pigs(P<0.01),while the weight ratio of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).The average daily gain,average daily intake and material weight ratio of the control pigs were higher than those of the experimental group(P<0.01)by adding 40%whole plant silage wheat to the fattening pigs.The suet ratio of test group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),the dressing percentage and backfat thickness was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01),and the eye muscle area,the weight of the stomach and small intestine,the muscle PH and the a*value in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).In summary,adding lactic acid bacteria and compound bacteria can accelerate silage process,the whole plant silage wheat showed the best effect with addition of compound bacteria,the optimum harvesting time of whole plant silage wheat was 16 days before harvest.The Winxin black pig was highly receptive to 14%of the whole plant silage wheat added to the diets,which can increase daily gain and decrease feed to weight ratio of Winxin black pigs.The addition of whole plant silage wheat increased the volume of the stomach and small intestine of fattening pigs,and improved the carcass performance and meat quality of the experimental pigs.更多还原