【作者】 王凯；

【导师】 王玉军；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 山东省是玉米种植大省,目前玉米的种植面积近5000万亩,玉米是山东大田作物区最主要的作物之一,也是农民收入的重要来源。一直以来,病虫草害的发生,给玉米造成了巨大的减产。根据山东省植物保护总站的调查,单病虫草害给玉米造成的减产每年在15%左右,造成的极大的经济损失。如何更加有效的防治玉米的病虫草害已经成为玉米种植区农民最为关心的问题。在实际生产中,玉米害虫防治的两个关键时期是玉米大喇叭口期和抽雄期。玉米大喇叭口期是玉米生长周期中非常关键的时期,通过几种杀虫剂对于防治玉米鳞翅目害虫的探究发现,在此时期对于玉米虫害防治,能降低玉米虫害的基数,防效能够提高23.7%,有效的保护了玉米功能叶。玉米抽雄期以后是玉米授粉灌浆的关键时期,此时期也是防治玉米穗部害虫的关键时期。通过试验结果可知,相对于常规药剂,氯虫苯甲酰胺在防治鳞翅目害虫方面具有更长的持效期,持效期能达到30d左右,能够更长时间的保护玉米免受害虫的危害。从而大大减少了用药的次数,在提高防效的同时节约了人工投入,极大的满足了生产上的需要。在对玉米进行种植的时候,要科学推广高产种植技术。玉米生长有几个关键的时期,此时期玉米发生病虫害会对玉米后期产量造成极大的影响。通过一系列的试验,在各个阶段采用不同的植保干预,筛选出各个时期的最佳的防治药剂,摸索出一套优化方案,通过该方案使玉米苗期一播全苗,保证出苗30d内玉米存活率92%,同时能够促进玉米健壮的生长,平均株高增加5cm,为玉米打下丰产的基础。玉米除草关键时期,在防治草害的同时防治虫害,不增加人工投入,综合防治后玉米在大喇叭口期前对于虫害的防治能够达到81.03%。玉米大喇叭口期及抽雄期,较长的时间的进行病虫害防治,后期对于穗部害虫的防效达到73.3%,比常规方案提高了 29.3%的防效。大大减轻了病虫对于后期产量的影响。通过优化玉米关键用药时期的植保方案,对于玉米各个时期的病虫害得到高效的防治,同时在防治时间上能够起到优势互补的效果,增产幅度达到17.6%,大大提高玉米的产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shandong is a large province of corn planting.At present,the area of corn is nearly 50 million mu.Maize is one of the most important crops in Shandong field crop area,and also an important source of farmers’ income.All the time,the occurrence of diseases and insect pests has caused great reduction in maize production.According to the survey of the plant protection station in Shandong Province,the production of single pest and grass damage to corn is about 15%per year,resulting in great economic loss.How to prevent and control corn disease and insect pest more effectively has become the most concerned problem of the farmers in the corn planting area.In the actual production,the two key periods of maize pest control are the big bell and the male stage of maize.Corn tasselling stage is the key period of maize growth,through the study on the prevention of several insecticides for maize Lepidoptera pests found in this period for maize pest control,can reduce the corn base,can improve the control effect of 23.7%,effective protection of the functional leaves of maize.The key period of maize pollination grouting is the period of maize pollination filling,and it is also the key period to prevent and control maize ear pests.The results showed that compared with the conventional pesticides,chlorambuteramide had a longer effective period in controlling Lepidoptera pests,and its holding period could reach 30d,which could protect maize from pests for longer.Thus,the number of the drugs is greatly reduced,and the artificial input is saved at the same time,and the production needs are greatly met.When planting corn,it is necessary to popularize the technology of high yield planting.There are several critical periods in the growth of corn,and the occurrence of corn and insect pests in this period will have a great effect on the later yield of maize.Through a series of experiments,using different intervention in various stages of plant protection,screened each time optimal control agent,worked out a set of optimization scheme,the scheme makes the corn seedling cotton seedling,seedling in maize 30d ensure the survival rate of 92%,and can promote the growth of jade Mi Jianzhuang,the average height increased 5cm,lay the foundation for high yield of maize.In the key period of maize weeding,we should prevent and control weeds while preventing pests and increase labor input.After comprehensive prevention and control,the pest control can reach 81.03%.During the long trumpet and tassel stage of maize,pest control was carried out for a long time.In the later stage,the control effect on Panicle pests reached 73.3%,which was 29.3%higher than that in conventional programs.It greatly alleviated the effect of the disease and insect on the later yield.By optimizing the plant protection plan during the critical period of corn,we can get effective prevention and control for maize diseases and pests at various stages,and at the same time,we can play a complementary role in the control time.The yield increased by 17.6%,and the yield of maize increased greatly.更多还原